MANUAL OF NATURE STUDY. 
41 
like the following may be asked: Where did you 
find your walnut tree, Mary ? On high ground or 
low ground? On black soil or red clay? What 
kinds of trees grow in the same neighborhood with 
the walnut? Where did you find yours, John? 
And yours, Susie ? Do you find any walnut trees 
along swamps or marshes ? What kinds of trees 
do we find in such places ? Where did you find 
your water beech, Willie? Your cottonwood? 
Quaking aspen (Quakin’ Asp)? Birch ? Willow ? 
Are these all neighbors to one another? Which 
are neighbors of the walnut? I wonder if these 
neighbors are an advantage or an injury to the 
walnut. (Here the struggle for existence may be 
discussed to some extent, taking care to bring out 
the benefits as well as injuries.) Call attention to 
the large elm that stands out in some vacant lot, 
as in a door yard, or open field, and compare with 
one that grows in the dense woods. What differ¬ 
ence in shape of head or top ? In the amount of 
ground covered by its shade ? In the density of its 
foliage? In the general thriftiness of the tree? 
Why these differences ? 
Take the walnut also as an example and notice 
its beautiful top when in the open field. Notice its 
condition when in the dense forest. Account for 
the difference. Invite the personal experience of 
