68 
MANUAL, OF NATURE STUDY. 
proportion of alcohol found in it? Would it be 
regarded as an unwholesome drink ? Why ? How 
is whiskey made ? What is the per cent of alcohol 
found in it? Is it a wholesome drink? How is 
wine made ? Does it contain alcohol ? How can 
you prove it ? Place a small quantity of wine in 
an evolution flask, to which should be attached a 
delivery tube, leading through a cold bath, for 
carrying off alcoholic vapor after it has been driven 
from the flask by heat very little less than the 
temperature of boiling water. The alcoholic vapors 
will be condensed as it passes through the cold bath, 
and may be received by a beaker or other vessel 
placed under the end of the tube. Touch a lighted 
match to the liquid gathered in that way and notice 
the alcoholic flame; a positive proof that alcohol 
exists in the wine. Beer may be tested in the same 
way. Likewise cider. What is fermentation? 
Give examples of fermentation, such as the changing 
of apple juice into hard cider, of grape juice into 
wine, of corn j uice and its distillation into whiskey, 
etc. 
All primary fermentations produce alcohol; then, 
why does not light bread produce alcohol ? By the 
action of heat it escapes with the carbon dioxide. 
Put a tablespoonful of sorghum and a cake of 
baker’s yeast into a tumbler of water and set it in 
