MANUAIy OF NATURE STUDY. 
71 
U IX. There is no alcohol in vinegar. We may 
safely flavor our food with it. Lemons and limes 
furnish more healthful acids than vinegar. 
M XI. Fermentation entirely changes the char¬ 
acter of anything it works upon. The germs that 
cause stewed fruits and preserves to ferment are 
not the alcoholic ferments, but they spoil the 
stewed fruit or preserves, and make them unfit for 
us to eat. 
“XII. The habit of chewing tobacco is not only 
disgusting, but very injurious, as the poison of the 
tobacco, the nicotine, is dissolved by the saliva and 
absorbed by the system. 
“XIII. The use of cigarettes by young boys 
weakens the muscles and hinders growth, besides 
causing other serious injuries. The healthy body 
does not require tobacco in any form and it should 
never be used.” 
5. Bad effects of tobacco .—To introduce this 
subject call for the different forms in which tobac¬ 
co is manufactured, viz.:—cigars, plug, fine-cut, 
smoking-tobacco, cigarettes, long twist, etc. Make 
a lesson or two of each form, showing pupils as far 
as possible the manner of manufacture. Take a 
cigar in hand, cut it with a sharp knife down one 
entire side, thus laying open the filler which in 
most cases, especially in cheap cigars, is made of 
scraps, and in many cases, of the filthy sweepings 
