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MANUAL OF NATURE STUDY. 
ternodes, tlie part between the nodes. In all kinds 
of stems presented, the nodes and internodes should 
be poidted out. 
Arrangement of leaves and branches .—The ar¬ 
rangement and mode of branching and form of the 
tree must depend, to a great extent, upon the ar¬ 
rangement of leaves upon the branch. As the leaves 
are arranged, so are the branches, because the branch 
always appears from the axil of the leaf. Opposite 
leaves produce opposite twigs and branches. The 
maple is an excellent example of such an arrange¬ 
ment. In alternate arrangement, the branch has 
but one leaf to each node. Not more than one 
branch or twig will appear as a rule in the alternate 
arrangement. Compare the linden with the maple, 
as to arrangement of leaves and branches. Com¬ 
pare with corn, wheat and other grasses. How 
many vertical ranks in each specimen compared? 
Try to find stem with three ranked arrangement. 
Try cherry, poplar, apple, peach, plum, and count 
the ranks (five ranks.) Try the yard plantain for 
eight ranks. How about the potato ? How do you 
know that it is a stem and not a root ? Have roots 
nodes and internodes ? Have they ranks in bud¬ 
ding lateral roots ? What is a stem ? What is a 
secondary stem ? Observe that it is the business 
of stems to produce roots, leaves and fruits. 
2. Study buds as to position , arrangement , 
