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MANUAL OF NATURE STUDY. 
EIGHTH GRADE. 
Physiology. 
If the work outlined in Physiology in the lower 
grades has been properly done the pupil will have, 
when he enters the eighth grade, a fairly good 
knowledge of the structure of the body, of the 
various processes of digestion, circulation, etc., 
and will understand the more common demands 
and laws of health. In the eighth grade the 
authorized text is to be in the hands of the pupils, 
and the work is to receive attention and energy 
equal with that given to other substantial branches 
of the course. 
The work will, of course, treat in the main of 
subject matter gone over in the earlier grades, but 
the treatment will be more comprehensive and 
technical than has been possible up to this point. 
The consideration of individual structure and 
function will now give way to the consideration of 
relation and interdependence. At every place pos¬ 
sible the pupil will be led to see the adaptation of 
structure to function and of both to hygienic de¬ 
mands and laws. As far as possible the laboratory 
method should be used. Actual material should 
be brought before the class whenever it can be 
used to advantage in explaining the structure or 
