30 
THE DANIELS NURSERY, INC. 
INSECT 
and 
DISEASE 
CONTROL 
2. NICOTINE SULPHATE SPRAY 
Water_50 gals_1 gal. 
Nicotine Sulphate 40 per cent_Pt_ l^A tsp. 
Soap—any kind ____2-3 lbs.-1 oz. 
General notes: Spraying should be done under high pres¬ 
sure. Two hundred lbs. or more is better than low pressure. 
Cover every tree and plant thoroughly, and, above all, be 
sure to do the spraying at the proper time, as a delay of a 
few days will impair its effectiveness. 
SPRAYS FOR APPLES 
Insects are commonly divided into two groups 
—the biting and the sucking. The former are 
equipped with biting mouth parts with which 
they chew off and consume parts of the plant 
tissue. Whenever one sees holes being eaten in 
the leaves, or the leaves disappearing as the 
insect works, he can be sure that it is the biting 
type of insect that is doing the damage. To con¬ 
trol it a poison such as Arsenate of Lead is 
dusted or sprayed onto the leaf surface, so that 
the insect, as he continues his feeding, will devour 
the poison along with the plant tissue. 
Sucking insects, on the other hand, do not de¬ 
vour any plant tissue but by means of an elon¬ 
gated mouth part, or proboscis, pierce the leaf 
or stem and suck out the juices from the inside 
in much the same manner that the mosquito feeds. 
Arsenate of Lead or similar stomach poisons have 
no effect upon the sucking type. They must be 
controlled by using a spray material which kills 
by coming in contact with the body. Some form 
of tobacco spray (Nicotine Sulphate) is mostly 
used. 
Of the various groups of plant diseases only 
one, the Fungus Diseases, is effectively controlled 
directly by spraying. This type of disease spreads 
by means of a small single-celled part called a 
spore. The spores float through the air, light 
on the host plant and under favorable conditions 
of temperature and moisture “spout,” sending out 
a minute “shoot” which grows along the sur¬ 
face of the plant until it finds an opening 
through which it gains 
admission. Once in¬ 
side of the plant, 
sprays do not affect it, 
but it may be held in 
check by a coating on y 
the plant surface of a \ \ 
poison such as Lime 
Sulphur, which can kill 
the shoot before it 
gets into the plant , 
tissue. //?<3ecr 
SPRAY PROGRAM FOR 
MINNESOTA 
1. ARSENATE OF LEAD AND LIME SULPHUR SPRAY 
Water-----50 gals_ 1 gal. 
Arsenate of lead, powdered__ XYt lbs. 3 tsp.* 
Lime Sulphur, commercial liquid.. 5 qts.12 tsp. 
or Lime Sulphur, commercial dry.... S lbs_ 4 tsp.* 
*Use heaping teaspoonful 
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First spray: When first flower buds show pink, use No. 1. 
Pests controlled—Early stages of leaf eating caterpillars, 
curculio, and scab. 
Second spray: As soon as petals drop from flowers and be¬ 
fore calyx closes, use No. 1. Pests controlled—Codling 
moth caterpillars and those listed under first spray. 
Third spray: Last week of June or first week of July, use 
No. 1. Pests controlled—Codling moth caterpillars and 
those listed under first spray. 
NOTES 
Apple Maggot: If it is very troublesome, give other 
sprays about July 20 and August 10. Use No. 1. _ 
Scale Insects and Eggs of Plant Lice: Spray with liquid 
lime-sulphur, one part to seven parts of water, or powdered 
lime-sulphur, 20 pounds to SO gallons of water, before buds 
open. 
Plant Lice: If lice are noticed on apples, plums, or other 
plants in early spring, just as the buds are bursting, spray 
with nicotine sulphate No. 2. Follow with same material 
later if plant lice appear. The nicotine sulphate, without 
soap, may be added to the regular spray No. 1. 
SPRAYS FOR PLUMS AND CHERRIES 
First spray: Just before blossoms open, use No. 1. Pests 
controlled—Curculio, plum pocket, blossom and twig 
blight. 
Second spray: Just after the petals fall, use No. 1. Pests 
controlled—Curculio and brown rot, plum pocket. 
Third spray: When plums are the size of small peas, use No. 
1. Pests controlled—Curculio, brown rot and shot hole. 
Fourth spray: When fruit first starts to color. If washed 
off by rain, repeat immediately. Use No. 1. Pests con¬ 
trolled—Curculio, brown rot, and shot hole. If shot hole 
is bad, spray again after fruit is picked. 
SPRAY FOR CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES 
Plant Lice Eggs: Just before buds open, liquid lime-sulphur. 
Six gallons (or powdered 20 pounds) to 50 gallons of 
water. 
Currant Worm: Arsenate of lead, pounds to 50 gallons 
of water, as soon as caterpillars are seen. If the second 
brood appears when the fruit is nearly mature it is safer 
to use hellebore, which may be dusted on leaves in early 
morning. 
CUT WORMS 
The cutworm has long been one of the most widespread 
and difficult to control of the garden pests—but with this 
new poison bait method they may be easily controlled with 
practically 100 per cent effectiveness. The best poison bait 
is mixed as follows: 
Bran__25 pounds 
Paris Green__ 1 pound 
Molasses___— 2 quarts 
Water-- ^ gallon 
For smaller amounts use— 
Bran-__ 2 quarts 
Paris Green.. 1 teaspoonful 
Molasses.....— ^4 cup 
Water__ 3 cups 
If Paris green is not available use white arsenic but not 
arsenate of lead. Use cheap rnolasses with strong odor. Mix 
thoroughly the bran and poison, dilute the molasses with 
water and mix this liquid with the bran mixture. 
The bait should be damp but not soggy. Sprinkle along 
the garden rows or broadcast at the rate of 12 to 15 pounds 
per acre. 
The best time to apply is in the evening, as the cut worms 
are then coming out for their night’s work. 
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DANNY SAYS: 
They’re easy to get if you just know how. Should you need additional help 
in solving your inse^ct and disease problems just zvrite to the boss about it. 
Besides keeping his nursery stock free from all forms of pests, he’s holding 
them down on over 50 acres of fruits and vegetables every year. 
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