or Willow-Warblers. 
91 
Upper parts greyish brown, dashed all over with yellowish 
green, especially on the rump. Wings and tail greyish 
brown, with the outside edge of each feather margined 
with yellowish green. Primaries tipped with dirty white. 
Superciliary streak greenish yellow. 
Head the same colour as the back. 
Underparts white, dashed all over with yellow. Breast and 
flanks tinged with buff. 
Third primary longest. Fourth a shade shorter. Fifth rather 
shorter. Sixth considerably shorter than the preceding. 
Second primary intermediate in length between the fifth 
and sixth. 
Bastard primary medium, the exposed part measuring—males 
average ’6, females average *5. In rare instances males 
measure *63, and as small as *48. In rare instances 
females measure *6, and as small as *38. 
No wing-bar. 
Length of wing—male 2*83 to 2*65, females 2‘65 to 2*45. 
Length of tail—male 2*3 to 2*1, female 2 # 1 to 1*88, 
Legs and claws brown. 
This species breeds in Northern and Central Europe, and 
winters in South-eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, and 
Africa. 
I found it common in Norway up to the North Cape, and in 
North-east Russia to the mouth of the Petchora. Col. Irby 
says that it breeds near Gibraltar (Ibis, 1872, p. 200). It 
breeds in Transylvania (. Danford and Harvie Brown , Ibis, 1875, 
p. 308 ); but Dr. Kruper informs me that it is only found in 
Greece and Asia Minor in winter. Its extreme eastern range 
appears to be about long. 60° W. Its reported occurrence in 
India seems in every instance to have been an error; but it 
occasionally winters in North-central and South-eastern 
Persia ( Blanford , Eastern Persia, ii. p. 180). Capt. Shelley 
says that it winters in Egypt and Nubia (Ibis, 1871, p. 135). 
Tristram says that it is abundant in the oases of North Africa 
in winter (Ibis, 1859, p. 418). In the Strickland collection 
at Cambridge is a skin from Kordofan, in Abyssinia; and in 
the British Museum are skins from the river Gambia, Damara 
Land ( Andersson ), Cape-town ( Layard ), and Natal (An- 
dersson). 
This species builds a semi-domed nest, profusely lined with 
