or Willow* War biers. 
97 
Ibis, 1874, p. 69), and occasionally in Corfu and Epirus 
(Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 231). Dr. Kriiper informs me that 
it winters in Greece and Asia Minor. Robson told me it 
only occurs in winter near Constantinople; but Danford and 
Harvie Brown found it common in summer in Transylvania 
(Ibis, 1875, p. 308). It winters in the Canaries and Tene- 
riffe ( Godman , Ibis, 1872, p. 174), in the oases of North 
Africa ( Tristram , Ibis, 1859, p. 418), in Egypt and Nubia 
(Capt. Shelley, Ibis, 1871, p. 135), in the valley of the Jordan 
(Tristram, Ibis, 1867, p. 83); and Blanford found it in Abys¬ 
sinia (P. abi/ssinicus. loc. cit.) and Persia (Eastern Persia, ii. 
pp. 181, 182). 
This species builds a semi-domed nest, profusely lined with 
feathers, on or near the ground, and lays a white egg, spa¬ 
ringly spotted with dark red. 
The Chiffchaff varies considerably in size; the smaller birds 
are chiefly found in South Europe, and the largest in Scan¬ 
dinavia. The smaller birds have been considered a separate 
species (P. brehmi); but I have had no difficulty in finding 
a complete series of both sexes. I met with the supposed 
smaller species at Valkenswaard, in Holland, and could not 
detect the least difference in its various notes and calls from 
those of the larger race. I have carefully examined the types 
of P. brehmi in the collection of Von Homeyer, of P. brevi - 
rostris in the Strickland collection in Cambridge, and of P. 
abyssinicus in the British Museum, and have not the slightest 
hesitation in pronouncing all three to be absolutely identical 
with P. colly bit a. 
24. Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth. 
Sylvia trochilus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 6 (1840, nec 
Linn.). 
Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 966 
(1843). 
Regulus tristis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 175 (1848). 
Abrornis tristis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 290 (1850). 
Phyllopneuste tristis, Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. xvii. (1865), 
Phyllopseustes tristis, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1875, p. 429. 
SER. iv.— VOL. i. 
H 
