294 Lord Tweeddale on Birds from 
tius; and his account was transcribed by Bay in his English 
translation (1678) of Willughby's ‘ Ornithology/ By Bay 
it is called “ Bontius his Indian Crow/' and is said to come 
from the “ Molucca Islands, especially Banda." An outline 
drawing of the bill is given (t. lxxviii.), which accurately re¬ 
sembles the bill of an adult example of the Papuan B. ruficollis. 
It may here be mentioned, parenthetically, that while it is 
not always easy to recognize a species, or to differentiate one 
from another nearly allied species, through the means of a 
complete drawing of a bird made at the early date of Bay's 
edition, still the art of outline-drawing was as perfect then 
as it is now, and that such delineations are quite reliable. 
The bold broad folds on the posterior part of the culmen 
of the bill which characterize the Papuan Hornbill, are 
plainly and accurately rendered in Bay's plate; and the total 
absence of lateral grooves and ridges on the basal walls of the 
two mandibles enables us to determine without doubt that 
the bill represented belonged to the Papuan, and not to its 
near ally, the Malayan species. 
On Bay's* outline drawing of the bill Latham founded his 
Wreathed Hornbill (Synop. i. p.358, 1781). Gmelin gave 
to this species the title of Buceros obscurus (S. N. i. p. 362, 
1788). In his first supplement to his f Synopsis/ Latham 
(p. 70, 1787t) added a reference to a passage in Dampier's 
‘ Voyage’ (iii. pt. 2, p. 165 J, t. 3), and identified the bird, 
there described as having been killed in Ceram and on New 
Guinea, with his “ Wreathed Hornbill." In the f Index 
Ornithologicus ' (i. p. 146, 1790), Latham gave his 
(C Wreathed Hornbill" a Latin title, and galled it Buceros 
plicatus. It seems therefore that the Gmelinian title of ob¬ 
scurus and Latham's title of plicatus apply to the Papuan 
I have not been able to consult an original copy of Willughby’s work. 
It may be that in it Willughby gives an account of the Hornbill described 
by Bontius. 
t Can any learned bibliographer explain how Latham, in his first Sup¬ 
plement (1787), was able to quote from Gmelin’s edition of the 1 Systema,’ 
published in 1788 ? 
X The correct number of the page is 231, and Latham, as well as J. R. 
Forster before him, transcribed the misprint on Dampier’s plate no. 3. 
