the District of Lampong, S.E. Sumatra. 319 
129. Sturnopastor contra. 
Sturnus contra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 290 (1766). 
Pastor jalla, Horsf. t. c. p. 155, “ Java” (1820). 
Javan and these Sumatran examples are not separable from 
,the Indian and Bur man forms. 
130. Gracula javanensis. 
Corvus javanensis, Osbeck, Voy. China &E. Ind. i. p. 157, 
“Java” (Eng. Tr. 1771). 
Gracula religiosa, Linn.; Baffles, t. c. p. 303, “ Sumatra." 
The Sumatran examples from Lampong district are iden¬ 
tical with others from East Java. 
131. Corvus validus. 
Corvus validus, Temm.,Bp. Consp. i. p. 385 (1854). 
Malaccan and Sumatran birds do not differ. 
We must accept Prof. SchlegePs assurance (Bij dr. t. d. Dierk. 
pp. 8 and 13, and Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 29) that Prince 
Bonaparte did not describe the Gilolo (Halmahera) bird under 
the title of C. validus , but the Bornean and Sumatran and 
Timor (?) species. Still the Princess words ( l . c.), (C rostro 
capite multo longiore, valido, curvato, 33 read as if he were de¬ 
scribing the Gilolo species, subsequently entitled C. validis- 
simus by Schlegel. Little is known of the C. validus, as the 
learned Professor tells us (/. c.); and consequently its range 
has not been well defined. The Sumatran bird is identical with 
one of the Malaccan Crows; and Professor Schlegel identi¬ 
fied Bornean examples with the Sumatran. He further gives 
the island of Timor as its habitat, and asserts that C. timori - 
ensis, Bp., is but a synonym. But, by the context, the Prince 
appears to have bestowed this title on C. macrorhynchus , 
Temm. apud Wagler, which is the only species of Corvus 
enumerated by Mr. Wallace in his list of Timor birds. Pro¬ 
fessor Schlegel, it is true, includes Timor within the range of 
C. validus only on the strength of a single example ( $ ) 
brought from there by S. Muller, which may well have 
been but an imperfectly grown example of C. macrorhynchus. 
The C. validus, var., of Wallace, ex Sula Islands (P. Z. S„ 
1862, p. 343), is certainly only a race of C. enca, a species* 
