16 
DESCRIPTIONS OP INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES 
Before concluding it may be interesting to offer a few general re¬ 
marks on the animals, which are the subject of this communication, 
with a brief notice of the species hitherto described. 
For a long time the large animal whose remains are found in this 
country, was considered as the same with the Mammoth of Siberia, 
which is a true Elephant. It has been shown however by Baron 
Cuvier that they are generically different, the teeth of the latter consist¬ 
ing of layers of enamel penetrating the whole extent of the tooth, with 
bony matter interposed between them; whilst in the former the enamel 
forms only a covering to the bony substance, and does not penetrate it. 
From the crowns of the teeth, in the species of this genus first known 
to Cuvier, consisting of mammillaform processes, he named the genus 
Mastodon , from [ACJLO’T Q$ mammilla, and ofoui dens. 
Of this genus nine species are admitted by naturalists. Of these, 
six are indicated by Cuvier, viz. 
Species 1 . M. giganteum , the well known gigantic Mastodon of 
this country. 
Species 2. M. angustidens; remains of which are found at Simorre 
in the south of France, in Germany, Tuscany, Switzerland and 
South America. Cuvier indicates the following characters as distin¬ 
guishing it from the M. giganteum. “Le principal et le plus gene¬ 
ral est que les cones de leur couronne sont sillonnees plus on moins 
profondement, et tantot termines par plusieurs pointes, et tantot 
accompagnes d’autres cones plus petits sur leur cotes ou dans leurs 
intervalles: d’ou il resulte que la mastication produit d’abord sur cette 
couronne plusieurs petits cercles, et ensuite des trefles ou figures a trois 
lobes, mais jamais de losanges.” Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles, 
Tom. I. p. 254. These differences will be at once perceived on com¬ 
paring the partially worn tooth of the M. giganteum , Plate XXI., and 
Plate XXIV. e, with the teeth of the M. angustidens represented in 
Cuvier’s Ossemens Fossiles, Divers Mastodontes, Plate I. fig. 4, and 
Plate III. fig. 2 and 4. 
Species 3. M. Cordillerarum. This species is founded on a tooth 
discovered near the volcano of Imbaburra, in the kingdom of Quito, 
and two teeth from the province of Chiquitos, near St Crux de la 
Sierra. The tubercles of these teeth are divided like those of the angus- 
