WILD-LIFE IN FOREST AND FJELD. 
287 
The Brambling breeds both in pine-forest and amidst 
the alpine birches, laying in Nordmore by May 20th, 
a week later on the Dovrefjeld; while mid-June is its 
date in Lapland, its nest and nesting-places resembling 
those of the Chaffinch. The latter, as well as Greenfinch, 
Linnet, Twite, and Redpole (both varieties), is common 
everywhere. The Siskin is decidedly scarce, but breeds. 
The Woodpeckers are also early breeders, the Great 
Black species laying before May 10th even in the north, 
a fortnight earlier in Telemark. Its nesting-holes are 
often vertical and elliptic, those of all the other Picidse 
being circular. 
The Great Spotted Woodpecker lays in Sondmore 
by May 15th. In Lapland, my brother A. found young 
hatched-out, on the Tana river, by June 16th. The 
Three-toed species appears to lay about June 10th— 
Namdalen. 
The Wryneck and Tree-Creeper are not uncommon : 
but the Nutcracker we have never seen, and our Jay 
rather irregularly, though the Siberian Jay abounds. 
Of the raptores, I found the Common Buzzard 
nesting on pines in Sweden (Wenern). This was in 
May. Further north the Rough-legged species pre¬ 
dominates and breeds exclusively on crags on the open 
fj eld. On the Dovre, eggs are laid by May 20th, while 
in Lapland the earliest nest found by A. on the Tana 
was June 5th. The three eggs lay on a layer of solid 
ice, and the contents were so congealed that they could 
not be blown until melted in warm water. 
In the forest, the Goshawk is the commonest of the 
larger birds of prey, building its own nest and laying its 
three or four eggs in a spruce by the end of April or 
