Birds of Kohat and Kurram. 
239 
in winter and temporarily disappearing in severe weather. 
A summer visitor to the Kurram Valley in small numbers. 
Major Magrath has found this highly migratory species 
to be resident even in the hot plains of Bannu (1200 ft.) 
{vide ‘ Field/ March 28th, 1908). 
[818.] Hirundo smithi. The Wire-tailed Swallow. 
Rattray, J. JB. N. H. S. xii. p. 311 (common) ; Ward, 
op. cit. xvii. p. 483 (summer visitor : Kashmir). 
A summer visitor and abundant from April till October, 
the first birds arriving in the middle of March. 
Occurs in the Kurram Valley up to 6000 feet, but only in 
small numbers. 
[822.] Hirundo nepalensis. Hodgson's Striated 
Swallow. 
Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv. p. 605 (summer visitor: 
Quetta); Rattray, op. cit. xvi. p. 659 (nests freely in the 
Galis). 
Numbers pass up the Miranzai Valley in the first half of 
April. I shot an example at Hangu on the 9th, and found 
a retort-shaped nest under a bridge close by, though whether 
it belonged to this species or the next I did not discover, as 
I was only passing through. 
[823.] Hirundo erythropygia. Sykes's Striated 
Swallow. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 341 (great numbers passed 
through Thall in the middle of May). 
A small party of these Swallows arrived on the Samana 
towards the end of March 1907. On the 4th of April I shot 
one, the beak and part of the forehead of which were plastered 
with mud ; it had evidently started nesting-operations. 
[826.] Motacilla alba. The White Wagtail. 
Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv. p. 605 (Quetta: common in 
winter); Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 55 (Chitral: resident from 
4000 to 10,000 ft., according to season); Ward, op. cit. xvii. 
p. 723 (rare in Kashmir). 
Large numbers arrive in Kohat early in September, and a 
few stay though the winter; the majority pass on and return 
