252 
Lieut. C. H. T. Whitehead on the 
lizards and insects from the ground like a Shrike. In 
Kohat its favourite food consists of freshwater crabs. Major 
Magrath has also observed it taking locusts and dragon-flies 
on the wing. 
[1066.] Upupa epops. The European Hoopoe. 
Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xv. p. 351 (Quetta: summer 
visitor) ; Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 58 (Chitral : summer visitor, 
occurring up to 14,000 ft-) ; Cumming, t. c. p. 690 ; Ward, 
op. cit. xvii. p. 726 (common in summer, rare in winter). 
Abundant in Kohat in the cold weather, but only a few 
individuals stay to nest. Occurs in the Kurram Valley up 
to 8000 ft., but is scarce. 
[1068.] Cypselus melba. The Alpine Swift. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (Thall: May); Marshall, 
op. cit. xv. p. 351 (Quetta : summer visitor); Fulton, op. cit. 
xvi. p. 58 (common in Chitral m summer from 5000 to 
16,000 ft.) ; Rattray, t. c. p. 660 (found two nests: Murree 
Hills) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 726. 
Flocks of this fine Swift, often accompanied by the next 
species, pass through Kohat at intervals from March till the 
end of May, returning in August and September. They 
merely pass over and do not stay. 
[1069.] Cypselus apus. The Common Swift. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (Thall: common in 
May; shot two); Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 351 (Quetta: 
common in summer; found nests in caves) ; Fulton, op. cit. 
xvi. p. 58 (Chitral : common in summer up to 14,000 ft.) ; 
Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 726 (summer visitor; nests in cliffs). 
Occurs like the last species and often in company with 
it. Breeds in small numbers in the cliffs of the Safed Koh, 
and is fouud up to the summit. 
[1073.] Cypselus affinis. The Common Indian Swift. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (rare at Thall) ; 
Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 351 (common in summer) ; Ward, 
op. cit. xvii. p. 726. 
Abundant in the District from early in March till 
