265 
Birds of Kohat and Karr am. 
[1265.] Tinnunculus alaudarius. The Kestrel. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 344 (a common resident at 
Thai]); Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 352 (Quetta : common; 
found many nests) ; Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 60 (Chitral: a 
very common resident from 4000 ft. upwards; one seen at 
18,000 ft.); Rattray, t. c. p. 663 (common in the Murree 
Hills); Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 729. 
753. £ • Kohat, 1760 ft., 27th March. 
764. <$. „ „ 23rd March. 
Common in winter; a resident on the Samana and in the 
Kurram and Miranzai Valleys (nesting regularly at Thall, 
2550 ft., and Hangu, 2700 ft.). 
[1292.] Columba intermedia. The Indian Blue Rock- 
Pigeon. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 344 (Thall: common in 
winter) ; Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 352 (a resident at Quetta); 
Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 60 (Chitral : resident, occurring up 
to 10,000 ft.); Gumming, t. c. p. 691 (occurs in Seistan) ; 
Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 943 (Kashmir). 
Occurs in large flocks in the District from August to 
April. A few appear to be resident round Thall, but the 
great majority leave in April. Colonel Rattray, in his 
article referred to above, says that “they were breeding in 
hundreds in a cliff near the Fort. About the middle of 
April they all disappeared suddenly/’ On the 19th of May, 
1907, however, I found some still about the cliffs at Thall. 
[1293.] Columba livia. The Blue Rock-Pigeon. 
Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 344 (Thall: large flocks 
occur in winter); Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 352 (Quetta); 
Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 943 (the common Pigeon of Kashmir). 
Occurs with flocks of the last species in winter, but is 
much less common. Never observed in separate flocks. 
[1295.] Columba eversmanni. The Eastern Stock-Dove. 
Cumming, J. B. N. H. S. xvi. p. 691 (Seistan : April) ; 
Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 943 (Kashmir: rare, occurs on 
migration). 
