413 
Field-Notes on Vultures and Eagles. 
to-day near Samara. Rooks, Crows, Jackdaws, and Starlings 
were also very numerous. 
June 11 th. —This day we reached Moscow, and it seemed 
curious to see, in the city itself, such birds as the Grey Crow 
and the Black Kite (M. migrans), neither of which were 
uncommon. 
I was disappointed on my journey in not seeing any 
Thrushes, for I have always looked on Siberia as a stronghold 
of that family in the breeding-season ; no doubt they keep 
well within the forests at this time of year, which accounts 
for my failure to observe them. 
In conclusion I may say that the climatic conditions were 
very much the same throughout the journey as they are in 
Great Britain at the same time of the year, except that at 
Vladivostok it was abominably hot. I did, however, observe 
once in Manchuria, and once again in Siberia, some patches 
of unthawed snow near the railway line. 
XX.— Field-Notes on Vultures and Eagles. 
By Brigadier-General H. R. Kelham, C.B., M.B.O.U. 
Colonel Willoughby Verner/s interesting work on the 
Wild Birds of Spain recalls to me birds'-nesting days near 
Gibraltar as far back as 1873, including the finding of 
nests of the Egyptian Vulture ( Neophron percnopterus) and 
Bonelli’s Eagle ( Nisaetus fasciatus), a description of which 
may be worth recording. 
On reference to an old note-book I find:— 
“ Gibraltar, 15th April, 1873.—This has been one of many 
delightful days in the cork woods, birds’-nesting with 
Savile Reid, R.E. 
“ A short time ago, while hunting with the Calpe Hounds, 
we noticed Egyptian Vultures and a pair of Bonelli’s Eagles 
sailing about some crags a few miles from the town of San 
Roque. To-day we revisited the spot. 
“ Riding up a sandy ravine, the steep scrub-clad hills on 
