415 
on Vultures and Eagles. 
discovered next year (1874) by Colonel Verner, in the same 
ravine though apparently not in quite the same sites. 
On 28th Nov., 1886, while wild-fowl shooting at Mornie 
Tal, a lake at the foot of the Simla Hills, thirty miles east of 
Kalka, a Bonelli’s Eagle suddenly swooped down and seized 
one of my wounded ducks, and would have carried it off if 
1 had not shot the Eagle. 
I also obtained Nisaetus fasciatus near Candia in Crete 
during November, 1896. 
During many years spent in Northern India, among the 
outer ranges of the Himalayas after Chamois, or Gooral, as 
they are there called, with several expeditions into the higher 
ranges of Kashmir and Baltistan stalking Ibex, there was no 
bird I saw more of than the Great Bearded Vulture, or Lam- 
mergeyer ( Gypaetus barbatus). Everywhere throughout the 
hills at an elevation of from 4000 to 8000 feet it was plentiful, 
especially round Dagshai *, Kasauli, and Sabathu, during the 
winter; I frequently saw it, in company with the white- 
backed Gyps bengalensis, feeding on the refuse from the 
slaughter-houses. I much doubt if it kills prey for itself, 
anyhow I never even heard of it doing so. 
In Kashmir I used to watch the birds for hours and often 
saw them pass over flocks of goats, and on more than one 
occasion pass and repass female Ibex with young kids without 
taking any notice of them, nor did the animals shew the 
slightest alarm, which they certainly would have done if the 
birds had been a source of danger. 
During a winter spent at Dagshai the Lammergeyers were 
always with us, and though they used to sail along the hill¬ 
side, often within a few yards of the fowls and pigeons which 
fed in our Mess Compound, I never saw any hostile act, 
though they would pick up bones or fragments of meat. 
The soldiers, in fact most non-ornithological Europeans, 
invariably talked of these birds as Golden Eagles, misled by 
the ruddy buff colour of the head and neck of the mature 
specimens, which gives them a decidedly golden appearance. 
* Dagshai is a small military station in the Outer Himalayas, thirty 
miles south of Simla. 
