416 
Brig.-Gen. II. R. Kelham— Field-Notes 
On the wing the Lammergeyer is easily identified, even at 
a considerable distance, by its long pointed wings, very wedge- 
shaped tail, and even, gliding flight—an occasional flap, and 
with scarcely another movement of its wings it sails along, 
skimming close over the ground, following every undulation 
of the hillside as it works backwards and forwards in long 
“ beats,” and searching every fold of the ground for food. 
During the spring I found it numerous in the Murree 
Hills (10,000 feet), and I knew of a nesting-place in 
Changla Gully. In my diary is :— 
“Changla Gully, N.W. Himalayas, 4th May, 1896. 
This evening the sunset was glorious beyond description, the 
sun sinking in a glow of light over the ‘ perpetual snows ' of 
Kashmir, crimson, fading to rose, purple, and every conceiv¬ 
able tint, while brilliant flashes of lightning played round 
the snowy summit of Nanga Parbat (27,000 feet) and other 
Himalayan giants. The Great Bearded Vulture is quite in 
keeping with this grand scenery. This evening while 
sitting among the highest peaks round Changla, admiring 
the view, several of these huge birds came sailing close 
past me : my dog seemed to excite them, for many, as 
they swooped by, uttered hoarse croaks, others settled on a 
dead pine close below, in fact they were unusually confiding 
and gave me an exceptional chance of studying them.” 
They breed early in the year in caves on the face of the 
most inaccessible crags, often where the cliff is overhanging, 
so that the approach from above is almost as difficult as that 
from below. 
During the winter of 1887, while chamois-stalking among 
the Sirmoor mountains, I found several nesting-places, and 
in the early spring of the next year three pairs of these birds 
bred in some very precipitous cliffs twelve miles east of 
Dagshai, where they doubtless still nest. These cliffs were 
very “ happy hunting-grounds” of mine. One January day, 
dull and snowy, I was stalking chamois, and when in rather 
a fix, on a very nasty piece of cliff, discovered a Bearded 
Vulture's eyrie. At the time I was near a huge beetling 
crag, in a crevice of which was the nesting-place : it was 
