438 
Mr. C. Ingram on the 
H. rustica occur in Manchuria, and so fine is the distinction 
between these forms, that I have had much difficulty in 
separating some of my examples. One is sufficiently dark on 
the under parts to be called tytleri; a second has the under 
surface almost white and the complete thoracic band of 
typical rustica ; a third agrees perfectly with specimens from 
N. America, and is therefore erythrogastra ; while, lastly, I 
have birds that must he referred to gutturalis. There are 
also intermediate examples in the collection. 
This, I think, shews the inadvisability of dividing birds 
which range as widely as Swallows into a number of ill- 
defined subspecies; at the meeting-point of their various 
ranges it is quite impossible to separate the races with 
anything like certainty, and several of my specimens might 
excusably be referred to either one of three species or sub¬ 
species, viz., erythrogastra , gutturalis , and rustica. However, 
as I have used trinomials elsewhere in this paper, I have 
attempted to name my skins according to the subspecific 
differences described by certain ornithologists. 
Dr. Sharpe has very kindly examined the specimen which 
I have called H. rustica , and he agrees with me in consider¬ 
ing it typical. 
Bianclii also named a Swallow, killed by Capt. Karpow 
at Yingtzu, Aug. 12, 1901, H. rustica ; but it must be 
remembered that in Swallows the under surface usually 
becomes whiter as the summer advances. 
49. Hirundo rustica gutturalis. Eastern Barn- 
Swallow. 
Tacz. p. 173; Dresser, p. 265 ; Ingram, Ibis, 1908, p. 157. 
a, b. $ $ . Chang-chun, Kirin Province. July 6, 1908. 
c, d. <$ $. Chu-chiaTai, Kirin Province. Aug. 16,1908. 
e. $ . Kirin Province. Sept. 17, 1908. 
Iris dark brown; feet and bill black. 
50. Hirundo rustica erythrogastra. 
Dresser, p. 266. 
a, b. £ $ . Khingan Mts., alt. 3600 ft. May 29 and 
June 17, 1908. 
