452 
Mr. C. Ingram on the 
as having (c the under parts pure white.” This, I think, 
conclusively proves the unsound ness of dividing the White- 
backed Woodpecker into innumerable races, especially when 
there is but little material at hand to work upon. At the 
most, I consider ornithologists ought not to recognise more 
than two or three geographical races of this Woodpecker, 
and even then the variations are not very well-marked. 
93. Picoides tridactylus crissoleucus. Northern Three¬ 
toed Woodpecker. 
Tacz. p. 722; Dresser, p. 452 ; Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 
ix. p. 162. 
a. S • Khingan Mts., alt. 3800 ft. April 24, 1908. 
b, c. g cJ. Khingan Mts., alt. 3700 ft. May 19 and 31, 
1908. 
Iris red-brown ; feet black ; bill bluish-black. 
My specimens seem to belong to the subspecies crissoleucus , 
but one has the sides more or less distinctly streaked. The 
yellow patch on the top of the head is not very extensive. 
94. Hypopicus poliopsis (Swinh.). Brown-breasted 
Woodpecker. 
Hargitt, Cat. B. xviii. p. 201 ; Bianchi, Ann. Mus. Zool. 
St. Petersb. 1902. 
a. <$ . Chu-chia Tai, Kirin Province. Aug. 19, 1908. 
b. sex ? Fun-chia Tun, Kirin Province. Sept. 9, 1908. 
c } b. $ ? $ ? Fun-chia Tun, Kirin Province. Sept. 11 
and 16, 1908. 
I cannot find any ground for HargitPs statement 
(op. cit. p. 201) that in the adult male there is a “ spot of red 
in the centre of the chest”; as a matter of fact there is 
hardly ever any trace of it even in the immature bird, as 
may sometimes be observed in the closely-allied Indian 
species H. hyperythrus. Nor do I consider the colour of the 
under mandible and nasal plumes reliable specific characters. 
The yellow in the under mandible is probably the outcome 
of age, although not entirely so. There is an adult male 
H. poliopsis in the Sty an collection from Newchwang with a 
