118 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
bus. —0. mirabilis, Dewey, Sill. xxx. 63 ; Sartwell, Exs. n. 46. C. 
straminea, var., Tueherman. C. festucacea, var., Carey. (Tab. 
CCCLXXIY.) 
ITab. Massachusetts to Ohio; along fences in pastures. Co¬ 
lumbia River. 
Culmus 1^-3-pedalis. Folia If—2^- lin. lata; superiora elongata- 
Ferigynium 1 t 6 q— 2 lin. longum, t 6 q—t 9 ^ bn. latum. Achenium As lin. 
longum, As lin. latum. 
An intermediate form, in colour like C. lagopodioides and 0. 
cristata, differing from the first in its ovate sometimes siiborbicular 
perigynium, and from the last in its less rigid spiculse; and from 
C. straminea (_ festucacea ) in its subrotund spiculse, which, from 
the absence of numerous male squamae, are of a prevalent green 
colour. 
277. C. foenea (Willdenow); spiculis 3—8 argenteo- 
viridibus demuin stramineis ovalibus, plerumque conti- 
guis, terminali subinde basi magis couspicue conico-mas- 
cula, infima plus minus setaceo- vel subfoliaceo-brac- 
teata; perigyniis late ovalibus orbiculatis vel obovatis 
breve rostratis late alatis appressis, transversim corru- 
gatis, squama ovata obtusiuscula vel lanceolata acuta 
paulo longioribus.—C. foenea, Willd. Enurn. 957 (1809) ; 
Kunth, 397 ; Muhl. 227 ; Elliott, 533 ; Dewey , x. 284 
et xxv. 142 ; Schw. et Tor. 315; Carey, 516 ; Chagpman, 
535 ; Sartwell, Exs. n. 47. C. straminea, /3, Gay, Ann. 
Sc. Nat. x. 362. C. straminea, y, Tor. Mon. 395. (Tab. 
CCCLXXV.) 
TIab. In America septentrionali et occidentali. New 
England to Elorida. New Orleans, Drummond, n. 433. 
Mexico, Schelde, Berlandier {Herb. Mus. Paris). New 
Granada, Pur die {Herb. Hooker). 
Culmus l-2f-pedalis, ssepe validus, lsevis vel apice scabrius- 
culus. Folia plana, carinata, culmo breviora. Spiculee ovales, 
ssepius basi apiceque acutse. Perigynium 1At~t 7 q lin. lon¬ 
gum, 1 - 1 -ro bn. latum, vel 2 - 2 -A lin. longum, l T V~ro bn. 
latum. Achenium An bn. longum, As lin. latum, ovale, ferru- 
gineum. 
Willdenow founded his C. foenea on a specimen from the Berlin 
Garden ; and Kunth says of it, “Nil nisi forma hortensis C. Sco- 
pariceC Dewey thought it intermediate between C. straminea 
and C. scoparia. Schw. and Torrey say it is nearly related to 
C. lagopodioides, though Torrey eventually, in his monograph, and 
Gay, in the Annales, consider it a variety of C. straminea. _ Carey 
thinks it differs principally from C. festucacea in the colour of the 
spikes, the constantly erect and more broadly margined perigynia. 
No dependence can be placed on the stoutness or smoothness of 
the culm. The perigynium is oval, subacute at base, or suborbi- 
cular, rounded at base and generally with a short abrupt rostrum. 
Olney finds it on the sandy banks of ponds and on the rocky sea¬ 
shore of Rhode Island; and Tuckerman on rocks near ponds at 
Stoneham, Massachusetts. The Mexican specimens have larger 
elliptic spiculse, acute at both ends, as seen in some of the New 
Jersey specimens. The pale oval spiculse with the appressed peri¬ 
gynia are the more apparent distinctions between C. foenea and 
C. straminea. 
Yar. /3; spiculis 1-5 vivide ferrugineis ovalibus acutis 
vel ovatis contiguis nudis vel infima setaceo-bracteata; 
perigyniis ovalibus vel suborbiculato-ovatis sensim ssepe 
longiuscule rostratis basi subacutis rarius rotundatis, 
squama lanceolata acuta vel mucronata longioribus. 
(Tab. CCCLXXVI.) 
Hab. Ohio, Sidlivant, Lesquereux. 
Perigynium 2- i V~ro bn. longum, -A—l-A bn. latum. Ache¬ 
nium Aq lin. longum, vix As lin. latum, ovale. 
This variety, which in several respects is like C. foenea, differs 
in the bright ferruginous colour of the spiculse, and the larger 
rostrum. It resembles C. scoparia, and shows a transition be¬ 
tween C. foenea and C. straminea, under the last-named of which 
I have it from Mr. Carey. I have only seen it from Ohio. It is 
however not very different from the “ C. tenera ” of Olney, from 
Rhode Island. 
Var. y; spiculis 2-10 pallidis demum stramineis ple¬ 
rumque alternatim remotiusculis omnibus (terminali ssepe 
magis conspicue) basi conico-masculis, nudis, infima 
subinde cornposita ; perigyniis ovalibus vel orbiculatis e 
basi late alatis brevi plerumque sensim rostratis com- 
pressis appressis, plus minus plurinerviis, squama lanceo¬ 
lata acuminata acuta latioribus paulo longioribus vel 
sequantibus.—C. adusta, Carey, Tuckerman {non FI. 
Bor. Amer.). C. festucacea, Sartioell, Exs. n. 44 {ex 
parte), Dewey, Olney. C. straminea, var., Sartwell, Exs. 
n. 49. (Tab. CCCLXXVII.) 
Hab. Warwick, Rhode Island, Olney. Chelsea, sea- 
beach and rocky seashores. Maine, Tuckerman. Ips¬ 
wich, in sand, Oakes. New York, Sartioell. 
Culmus 1-1 |-pedalis, obtusangulus, lsevis vel apice triqueter, 
scaber. Folia 1 lin. lata, rigida, basi involuta. Bracteee lan- 
ceolatse, squamseformes, spiculis breviores. Spicules extremse 
basi magis conico-masculse : intermedia ovatse, parcius mas- 
culse: omnes plerumque discrete vel remotiuseulse. Perigy¬ 
nium 2 - 2 -A bn. longum, l-A—ro bn. latum, appressum. 
Achenium As bn. longum, As~fs bn. latum, ferrugineum. 
I have this variety under the name of “ C. straminea with narrow 
fruit,” from Mr. Oakes. Olney has sent it under the name of 
C. straminea and C. festucacea. Tuckerman included it in his 
C. straminea, var. moniliformis, and believed it to be C. adusta, 
from which it differs in inflorescence and compressed appressed 
perigynia. It is near the typical form, but differs in colour, and 
in the alternate spiculse, and often nutant spikes, and involute 
leaves. 
In Tab. COCLXXY. are figured specimens,— 
1. From New Jersey, Torrey. 
2. New Orleans, Drummond, n. 433. 
3. Rhode Island, Olney. 
4. Florida, Chapman. 
5. New Granada, Purdie. The spiculse elongated, the lower 
remote, stalked, a lusus occasionally observable in other andro¬ 
gynous species. 
In Tab. CCCLXXYI. specimens from Sullivant. 
In Tab. COCLXXYII. No. 1 , specimens from Oakes; No. 2 
from Olney. 
278. 0. alata (Torry); spiculis 3-10 pallidis demum 
ferrugineis ovatis vel subrotundis contiguis, inferioribus 
subinde majoribus, suprema plus minus basi conico- 
mascula, infima vel inferioribus brevi setaceo-bracteatis ; 
perigyniis orbiculato-obovatis vel obcordatis vel late ova¬ 
libus basi subacutis vel cordatis basi rotundatis abrupte 
vel sensim plus minus longe rostratis bifidis, late alatis 
ad latera late spongiosis transversim corrugatis, apertis, 
squama lanceolata vel ovata acuta vel hispido-mucronata 
longioribus triplo latioribus.—C. alata, Torrey, Mon. 396 ; 
Sartwell, Exs. n. 77. C. straminea, Sartwell, Exs. n. 
48. C. foenea, Chapman, 535. (Tab. CCCLXXVIII.) 
Hab. New York to Florida. Rio Brazos, Texas, 
Drummond. Western Texas, Wright. 
Culmus 1f- 3 -pedalis, ssepe validus, apice nutans. Folia 
lf-2f lin. lata, culmo breviora. Spicules omnes rotundatse, 
