ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
119 
minores (5 lin. longse, 3 lin. latse), vel inferiores majores 
(9 lin. longse, 5 lin. latte), stepc omnes basi parce vel subcouico- 
masculse. Squanus plus minus longe mucronatse. Perigy¬ 
nium 2 lin. longum, l-j% lin. latum, vel 3^, lin. longum, 2-f 
lin. latum. Achenium 1^% lin. longum, ru-fo bn. latum, 
ovale, stipite subinde -Po lin. longo. 
Torrey founded his C. alata on specimens from North Carolina 
and Georgia. Its range has since been extended from New York 
to Mexico, or Western Texas. The size of the spiculse varies, 
often not much larger than those of G. straminea, and the mucro 
of the squamse varies in length or is absent. The stipes of the 
achenium is not peculiar, as one longer or shorter is observable in 
other forms. It seems to me to be a fuller development of the 
foenea group, connecting it with the typical form of G. straminea. 
The broad obovate outline of the perigynium is perhaps the pre¬ 
vailing form, though the orbicular cordate form, as seen in the 
fully mature perigynium from Wright’s specimen from Texas, is 
observable in northern specimens. Tuckerman, from the descrip¬ 
tion of the plant, was inclined to refer it to his G. straminea , a. 
I have a specimen, given to me forty years ago in Paris, by M. 
Delisle, as the “ G. leporina, Michaux, oi-yzetis Carolinas Sept.,” 
and I infer from the observations of Gay in the Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 
362, where he remarks that Mickaux’s plant was G. straminea 
(ex parte) and from his quoting the specimen of Drummond from 
the Rio Brazos under G. straminea, var. intermedia, that he re- 
fei’red the present one to that variety, as Drummond’s specimen 
from that locality in my own herbarium is clearly C. alata. Mi¬ 
chaux included C. scoparia under his G. leporina. 
In Tab. CCCLXXYIII. I have figured,— 
No. 1. Specimens from Florida, Gliapman. 
No. 2. One from New York, the n. 48 of Sartwell, Car. Exs., 
and a perigynium and squama from Wright’s specimen from 
Western Texas, in which the squama is without the mucro, and 
the perigynium 3 T %- lin. longum, and 2^ lin. broad. 
279. C. adusta (Boott); spiculis 4-10 subrotundis 
vel basi conico-masculis pallidis vel stramineis, inferiori- 
bus remotiusculis subinde compositis bracteatis ; peri¬ 
gyniis ovatis, orbiculatis vel ovalibus plerumque sensim 
rostratis bidentatis, superne anguste alatis, demum plano- 
convexis turgidis pallidis dorso plurinerviis, squamarn 
lanceolatam acutam subaequantibus.—C. adusta, Boott, 
in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. ii. 215. C. argyrantha, Tucker¬ 
man. /3. minor, var. angustifolia, Boott, FI. Bor. Am. 
C. pratensis, Drejer, Bev. Crit. Car. Bor. p. 24. (Tab. 
CCCLXXIX.-CCCLXXXIII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Arctic America to 
New Jersey. Carlton House, Metliye Portage, etc., Sir 
John Richardson. North-west coast, in “ dry shady open 
woods,” Douglas, Scouler. Rocky Mountains, Drummond. 
Massachusetts, Oakes. New Hampshire, Tuckerman, “on 
rocks in woods.” Rhode Island, Olney. New Jersey, 
KniesJcern. — Var. /3. Greenland, Valid. Carlton House, 
Sir John Richardson. 
Culmus 1^-pedalis, gracilis, obtusangulus, lsevis vel apice 
scabriusculus. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, plana, culmo breviora. 
Bractecs inferiores 1-2 subfoliacese, superiores squamseformes 
acutse. Spiculce rotundatre, vel extremge majores clavatse: 
omnes simplices vel inferiores compositse, subinde e spiculis 
3-4 in spicam brevem dispositis. Squamae lanceolate, pallide 
ferruginese vel straminese vel argenteo-albidse, perigynium 
longitudine et latitudine subsequantes. Perigynium 2 lin. 
longum, 1 lin. latum, pallidum, antice 10-12-nervium, superne 
anguste alatum, marginibus basi obtusis. Achenium 1-,-U- lin. 
longum, t 9 - 0 - lin. latum, suborbiculatum, biconvexum, sessile, 
ferrugineum. 
In Tab. CCCLXXIX. are figured the specimens from Cumber¬ 
land House, on which the species was originally founded many 
years ago in the Flora Bor. Americana. They are fully mature, 
and with others less mature had been variously named by Dewey 
and Torrey in Herb. Hooker; the younger ones as G. bromoides, 
0. leporina, C. straminea, and C. festucacea, and the mature ones 
as G. Muhlenbergii. The specimens from the States, as is usual 
with Carex, vary in size. 
In Tab. CCCLXXX. are less mature specimens from the 
Methye Portage, from Sir John Richardson. 
In Tab. CCCLXXXI. a specimen from Derby County, Massa¬ 
chusetts, from Mr. Oatces, w r ho had named it “ G. straminea, var. 
foenea;" spiculis 12, argenteo-viridibus, inferioribus compositis; 
perigyniis squama lanceolata acutissima latioribus paulo breviori- 
bus.— Culmus 3-g-pedalis, apice triqueter, scaber. Perigynium 
1 t Vto hn. longum, 1 T %- lin. latum. Achenium lin. longum, 
lin. latum. 
In Tab. CCCLXXXII. No. 1, a specimen from Rhode Island, 
Olney. Pexigynium 1 t 9 q- lin. longum, lin. latum. Achenium 
t 8 o- lin. longum, t VtV ^ n - latum. No. 2, the G. argyrantha, from 
Tuclcermcm, from Amhei’st, found on rocks in woods; a more deli¬ 
cate form. Perigynium l-ro _ To lin. longum, xV - J-tV h n - latum. 
Achenium -R h n - longum, fs~To bA- latum. 
In Tab. COCLXXXIII. small specimens too young for details. 
No. 1, from Carlton House, Richardson ; the “var. angustifolia ,” 
FI. Bor. Americana. No. 2, specimen from Greenland, sent to 
me by Yahl as the “G. pratensis, Drejer,” Rev. Crit. Car. Bor. 
p. 24. 
G. adusta has not been cleai’ly understood in the United States, 
nor was I fully aware till lately, that it had been several times 
found in them. Oakes referred his specimen to C. foenea. Tuck¬ 
erman included it in G. straminea, and Carey mistook what I have 
figured in Tab. CCCLXXXII. as a form of G. foenea for it. In 
1859 Tuckerman described a delicate form, found on rocks in woods 
at Amherst, under the name of C. argyrantha, which, without any 
allusion to G. adusta, he thought had affinity in squamse, etc., with 
G. Dewey ana, and in fruit with G. remota, L. In Tab. CCCLXXIX. 
1 have figxxred the original specimens from Arctic America, on 
"which the species was founded, the turgid perigynium, with its 
narrow wing and many nerves, and the large orbicular achenium, 
leading me to consider it distinct from its allies. The figures I 
have given will, I hope, make it sufficiently known in its different 
forms, and vdien these are more carefully contrasted with G. stra¬ 
minea and G. foenea, its admitted distinction or its merging into 
the one or the other will be determined. 
The wing of the perigynium is more or less extended downward, 
sometimes rather abruptly terminating below the middle of the 
achenium, or reaching much narrowed to the base. The nerves are 
generally prominent, but in the Arctic specimen with mature fruit, 
they would seem to become more or less obliterated, and in those 
perigynia with the lai’ge orbicular achenium this organ seems to 
encroach on the wings and lessen their breadth. In the Arctic 
specimens the squamae are of the same silvery whiteness as those 
from the States, or are of a light chestnut or fulvous colour, white 
and hyaline at the margins, or eventually of a straw-colour, a 
difference depending on locality or age. The achenium varies in 
form and size, oval and narrower, or suborbicular and broader; 
those in Olney’s specimen approaching the larger form of the 
Arctic specimens. 
280. C. straminea (Sclikuhr); spiculis 2-12 ovatis 
subrotundis ovalibus obovatis vel clavatis aggregatis vel 
approximatis vel subremotis, inferioribus rarius compo¬ 
sitis stramineo- albo- vel glauco-viridibus, demum ferru- 
gineis, terminali vel omnibus basi plus minus conico- vel 
parce masculis, nudis vel infima vel inferioribus setaceo- 
raro subfoliaceo-bracteatis; perigyniis compressis orbi¬ 
culatis ovatis obovatis vel ovalibus basi rotundatis cor- 
datis, vel subacutis abrupte brevi vel sensim longius ros¬ 
tratis, ore subintegro bidentato vel bifido antice subinde 
