122 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
conformes. Spica 1-4 poll, longa, 5-18 lin. lata. Perigynium 
2 X V~3 lin. longum, basi r s x lin. latum, supra basin turgidam 
spongiosam transversim sulcatum. Achenium 1 lin. longum, 
fa lin. latum, ovatum, basi abrupte productum, lucidum, cas- 
taneum, ima basi styli clavata. 
This species, as Dr. Chapman remarks to me, “ attains a large 
size in Florida, and is very handsome.” Carey describes the base 
of the style as “not tumid.” It is clavate, and in the Florida 
plant subbulbous. I have observed what I have termed a spa- 
thella, or modified perigynium, giving origin to the spiculse, as in 
the Indian paniculate group. 
Tab. CCOXC. Specimens from Florida, Chapman. 
Tab. CCCXCI. From the Apalachicola, Florida, Chapman, his 
“ var. maxima.” 
282. C. conjuncta (Boott); spica lanceolata acuta pal¬ 
lida, e spiculis 6-12 superioribus parvis simplicibus, inferi- 
oribus laxe contiguis compositis brevi setaceo-bracteatis; 
perigyniis subcordato-ovatis sensim breviuscule conico- 
rostratis bidentatis membranaceis basi spongiosis utrinque 
5-7 -nervatis, antice nervis centralibus magis prominenti- 
bus, aliis, et postice sursum evanidis, stipitatis, squama 
ovata acuta vel acuminata latioribus longioribus.—C. 
conjuncta, Boott. C. vulpina, Carey, 512; Dewey, y i. 
348, 2nd ser. (non L .) (Tab. CCCXCII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. New York, Torrey. 
Kentucky, Short (“ C. stipata’ 5 ). Ohio, Sullivant. Illi¬ 
nois, Mead. 
Culmus srepe 31-pedalis, latus, flaccidus, angulis acutissimis, 
scaber, inferne foliatus. Folia 3-4 lin. lata, plana, glauco- 
viridia; vaginis membranaceis transversim corrugatis. Spica 
2-2 4 poll, longa, basi 6 , apice 3 lin. lata, pallida. Spicule/; 
superiores parvse, semper simplices; inferiores laxe con tig me, 
compositse. Perigynium l x ,j— r 8 ,,- lin. longum, 1-1 X(l lin. latum, 
marginibus acutis scabris. Achenium 1 lin. longum, X 8 - (T lin. 
latum, orbiculatum, basi styli bulbosa. 
A C. vulpina, L., differt culmo flaccido; vaginis foliorum 
transversim corrugatis; spica laxiore pallida acuta; squamis 
acutis; perigynio membranaceo bidentato, rostro breviore; 
acbenio orbiculato, basi styli bulbosa. 
The wide, very acute-angled, flaccid culm, the transverse corruga¬ 
tion of the vaginae of the leaves, the pallid colour of the inflores¬ 
cence, and the general aspect of the plant, would have induced me 
to refer it to C. stipata, as Dr. Torrey and Dr. Short have done, 
were it not for the marked difference in the form, nervation, and 
less prominently turgid base of the perigynium. Carey referred 
it to C. vulpina, L., but I have alluded tb the points in which it 
differs from that species. 
Dewey, in Wood’s Botany, refers the Nebraska plant to C. 
vulpina, but the specimen sent to me by Mr. Sartwell from that 
Territory, has a nerveless perigynium, and is the same as Sartwell’s 
Exs. n. 75, “ C. cephaloidea, Dewey.” This name has been a 
source of confusion. I have from Dewey two distinct plants so 
named by himself, C. sparganioides, var minor, and the large form 
of C. cephalophora; and Sartwell has distributed another under 
the same name. This last, which is the C. sparganioides, var. ce- 
phaloidea, of Carey, and which he tells me he had received from 
Dewey as his C. cephaloidea, had better retain this name, though 
the description in Wood’s Botany is really not applicable to it, 
for it is there described as having an “ obtusish perigynium, twice 
as long as the short ovate obtusish glume,” characters which cer¬ 
tainly do not apply to Sartwell’s n. 75. 
Tab. CCCXCII. The specimens figured are from Columbus, 
Ohio, Sullivant. 
283. C. vulpina (L.); spica oblonga vel subelongata 
crassa obtusa clensiflora decomposita demum fusco-ferru- 
ginea, e spiculis pluribus squarrosis multifloris con- 
gestis, omnibus vel inferioribus compositis plus minus 
longe setaceo-bracteatis ; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis ovatis 
vel ovato- vel subcordato-lanceolatis acuminato-rostratis 
bifidis piano-convexis, marginibus scabris plus minus 
saepe obsolete nervatis, nervis 5-7, rarius pluribus, su- 
perne plerumque evanidis, stipitatis coriaceis, inferne 
spongiosis divergentibus ferrugineis, squama ovata acuta 
rarius obtusa cuspidata latioribus longioribus.—C. vul¬ 
pina, L. ; Good. Lin. Trs. ii. 161; Schk.f. 10; lieichenb. 
t. 217 ; Kunth, 383 ; Koch, 866 ; Fries, Sum. 73 ; 
Anders. 66. t. 3./'. 17 ; Lang, 34, etc. etc. C. nemorosa, 
llebent.: Schk.f. 186 ; Fries, Sum. 73. C. vulpina, /3, 
Lieichenb. t. 216; Koch, 866. (Tab. CCCXC1II.) 
ITab. In Europa, Asia, Africa. 
Radix valide fibrosa. Culmus 2-3-pedalis, triqueter, an- 
gulis acutissimis, validus, scaberrimus, “radii spica multo 
auctior ” {Good.), tamen subinde gracilior, angulis minus ar- 
gutis. Folia 2-4 lin. lata, culmo breviora. Bractece setacem, 
breves vel plus minus (ssepe conspicue) elongatse : infima 
subinde foliacea. Spica 1-24 poll, longa (nunc abbreviata), 
5-8 etiam basi 10 lin. lata, obtusa, usque ad apicem sequilata. 
Spiculce congests : omnes vel inferiores (quasi lob atm vel 
ramosse) composite : infima rarius subdiscreta. Perigynium 
2 - 2 ^ etiam 2 x 8 fj - lin. longum, 1 T 0 — 1 T ' X lin. latum, coriaceum, 
inferne spongiosum ; nervis utrinque 5-7, superue evanidis, 
ssepe subobsoletis, rarius 10 - 12 , mediis antice sursum con- 
spicuis. Achenium 1-1 x \,- lin. longum, - 6 X —fa lin. latum, ova¬ 
tum, ferrugineum, basi styli subsequali. 
This species is widely diffused, and I suspect hereafter will be 
considered a 3 the typical form to which, as in the case of C. divisa, 
many recorded species are to be referred. It is the var. crassior of 
Anderson (No. 1 and 2 of Tab. CCCXCIIL). His var. nemorosa 
is represented by No. 6 and 10, and his var. elongata by No. 3, the 
last having a simpler, narrower, but not longer, spike. He says 
these forms are analogous to those of C. muricata, but in none can 
I think there is an affinity with C. paniculata or C. disticha. The 
variety nemorosa, with its long bracts, is described as paler and 
with a laxer spike. Koch remarks that it is found “in umbra syl- 
varum;” but Lang correctly says, “interdum ad fossas apricas.” 
I have found it in Battersea Fields, near London, in open ditches. 
No dependence can be placed upon the bracts or form of the spike. 
I have figured spikes from various localities. In specimens from 
Pisa and Lisbon the nerves on the perigynium are most numerous. 
In those from Lisbon the perigynium is sometimes 2 X 8 X fines long. 
I have not given all the references to authors or to the syn¬ 
onyms of this common plant, as they can be obtained by a re¬ 
ference to the Floras of Europe, my chief object having been to 
contrast it with the American plant which Carey had referred to 
C. vulpina, L. 
In Tab. CCCXCIII. the spikes figured are,—No. 1. Erom Ger¬ 
many, Ileiahenbach; 2. Scotland, Rickie, the typical form; 3. 
Hpsal, Fries, his “spica elongata;” 4. Lisbon, Sharpe; 5. Pisa, 
P ariatore ; 6 . Battersea Fields, Boott, var. nemorosa; 7. Canaries, 
Watson; 8. ditto, Bourgeau ; 9. ditto, Webb ; 10. Sicily, Paria- 
tore. The details are of No. 1, 4, 5, and 6 . 
284. C. sparganioides (Muhlenberg); spica elongata 
cylindrica pallida interrupta e spiculis 6-12 apice mas- 
culis densifloris, omnibus vel superioribus rotundis con¬ 
tiguis nudis simplicibus, inferioribus deorsum remotiori- 
bus oblongis compositis, infima nunc subfoliaceo-brac- 
teata; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis late ovatis acuminato- 
rostratis vel suborbiculatis, rostro breviore bidentatis su- 
perne e medio marginibus acutis vel subalatis serrulatis 
