ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
123 
enerviis usque ad basin membranaceis pallidis demum 
aureis lucidis divergentibus, squama albida ovata acuta 
mutica vel subinde acuminata cuspidata ssepe duplo lon- 
gioribus latioribusque.—C. sparganioides, Mulil. 223 ; 
Sold. f. 142; Willd. 237; Kunth, 381; Dewey, Bill. 
viii. 265 ; Scliw. et Tor. 305; Elliott, 531; Carey, 513; 
Darlington, 345; Chapman, 534; Sartwell, Evs. n. 20. 
(Tab. CCCXCIV. No. 1.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. New England to 
Georgia. 
Culmus li-2'2-pe(lalis, acutangulus, scaberrimus, strictus, 
firmus, gracilis, basi foliosus. Folia 3-4 lin. lata, flaccida, 
culmum subsequantia. Vagina inferiores subinde plus minus 
transversim corrugatse. Bractea setacese, spiculis plerumque 
breviores, vel longiores : infima rarius foliacea, 2-|-4 poll, 
longa. Squama superiores, ssepe muticse: inferiores cuspi- 
datse. Spica 2-1 poll, longa. Spicula inferiores, ssepe com¬ 
posite, 6-8 lin. longse, subremotse. Perigynium 1-A—2^ lin. 
longum, 1 lin. latum. Achenium -L-lf u bu. longum, T 7 U lin. 
latum, ovato-orbiculatum, basi abrupte productum, basi styli 
decidua plus minus clavata. 
Yar. /3. minor; spica abbreviata; spiculis paucioribus 
contiguis ; squamis muticis ; foliis angustioribus; culmo 
breviore; perigyniis membranaceis.—C. ccphalophora, (3, 
Tor. N. Am. Cyp. 389. C. cephaloidea, Deioey {exparte'). 
C. muricata, /3 cephaloidea, Dewey, Sill. ii. 307. (Tab. 
CCCXCIV. No. 2.) 
The var. f3 is simply a reduced form. It resembles what I have 
figured (Tab. CCCXCY.) as the C. cephaloidea of Dewey, but 
differs in its membranous perigynium and squamae. 
Tab. CCCXCIV. The specimens figured are,—No. 1. N. York, 
Sartwell's Exs. n. 20. 2. Var. minor, Michigan, from Dewey, sent 
to Carey as “ G. cephaloidea, Dewey.” 
285. C. cephaloidea (Dewey); spica pallida demum 
straminea oblonga, e spiculis 5-6 ovatis contiguis brac- 
teatis apice masculis ; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovatis 
vel orbiculato-ovatis rostratis acute bifidis marginibus 
superne subalatis scabris enerviis basi spongiosis pal¬ 
lidis, squama lanceolata acuminata cuspidata brevioribus 
vel subsequantibus.—C. cephaloidea, Deioey fexparfej ; 
Sartwell, Exs. n. 75. C. sparganioides v. cephaloidea, 
Carey, 513. (Tab. CCCXCV.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Illinois, Vasey. 
Nebraska, Hey den (e Sartwell, Herb. Doott). 
Culmus 1-2—3Ypedalis, gracilis, scaber, inferne foliatus. Folia 
1^-3 lin. lata, culmo breviora. Bractea setacese: inferiores 
spiculis longiores. Spica 9-16 lin. longa, 4 lin. lata. Squama 
inferiores longius cuspidatse. Perigynium 1 T 3 0 ~2 lin. longum, 
-jq-l-V lin. latum, membranaceum, divergens, rostro subinde 
brevi. Achenium p u - lin. longum, T V-ro hn. latum, orbicu- 
latum, basi styli decidua bulbosa. 
In habit and aspect like 0. sparganioides, var. minor, but differs 
in the lanceolate cuspidate squamse, in the spongy base of the peri¬ 
gynium, which is winged at the margins and acutely bifid, and in 
the bulbous base of the deciduous style. All the spiculse are oc¬ 
casionally furnished with setaceous bracteae. The vaginae of the 
leaves not corrugate. 
I am not aware that Dewey has anywhere described his O. ce¬ 
phaloidea, except in "Wood’s Botany; and the description, as I have 
remarked under O. conjuncta, does not apply to the present plant. 
I have ventured to give the name to it, as Dewey has ineluded'it 
under the name of G. cephaloidea. I have pointed out in what re¬ 
spects it differs from the small form of G. sparganioides, with which 
it has been confounded. Future observers will, I have no doubt, 
diminish the number of species of this androgynous group; but 
before they can do so satisfactorily, they must have clear notions 
of the forms that have been described as species by different 
authors. 
Tab. CCCXCV. The specimens figured are from Illinois, Vasey. 
286. C. cepbalopliora (Muhlenberg); spica parva rotun¬ 
da ovata vel suboblonga capitata pallida concolori, e spicu¬ 
lis 3-6 parvis simplicibus plerumque arctissime congestis, 
inferioribus setaceo-bracteatis; bracteis saepius reflexis ; 
stigmatibus 2; perigyniis -ovatis ovalibus vel suborbicu- 
latis acuminato-rostratis bilidis marginibus subalatis ser- 
rulatis enerviis vel dorso 3-4-nervatis membranaceis 
patentibus vel reflexis, squama ovata acuta vel obtusa 
plus minus cuspidata alba nervo viridi latioribus lon- 
gioribus vel (cuspide) brevioribus.—C. cephalopliora, 
Muhl. 218; Sc/d. f. 133; Willd. 220; Kunth, 387; 
Dewey, Sill. x. 268 ; Schio. et Tor. 300 ; Tor. Mon. 389 ; 
Ell. 526; Darlington, 345; Carey, 513; Chap. 534; 
Sartwell, Exs. n. 22 et n. 21, “ C. cephaloidea.” C. 
cephaloidea, Deioey {ex parte). (Tab. CCCXCVL, 
CCCXCVII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Canada to Florida, 
“ on grassy hillsides and shady river-banks, often in 
very dry situations, seldom twenty inches high, or four 
to five feet, decumbent among bushes,” Schio. et Tor. 
Yar. /3. angustifolia ; minor.—C. Leavenwortllii, Dewey, 
Sill. ii. 246, 2nd ser.; Sartwell, Exs. n. 73. (Tab. 
CCCXCVIII.) 
Hab. -Louisiana, Texas, N. Mexico, Wright. Guiana 
{Herb. Hook.). Rocky Mountains, Nuttall {Herb. Boott). 
Culmus 9-pollicaris, erectus, vel 4-5-pedalis, decumbens, 
obtusangulus, apice acute triqueter, scaber, firmus, basi folia¬ 
tus. Folia 1-2| lin. lata, elongata, plana, culmo longiora vel 
breviora. Bractea setacese, spiculis ssepe longiores, infima 
subinde spica longior, patentes vel refiexse. Spica parva, 
rotundata vel ovata, densa, capitata vel suboblonga, 4-9 lin. 
longa, 3-5 lin. lata. Spicula congestse: inferiores vix unquam 
discretse. Squama acutse vel obtusse; inferiores longius cus¬ 
pidatse : masculse ssepe muticse. Perigynium lyL—y lin. 
longum, x y-l lin. latum; nervis antice 3-4 ssepius obsoletis 
vel carentibus; membranaceum, pallidum, demum flavidum 
vel purpureum, marginibus pallidis. Achenium T ! r x lin. 
longum et latum, orbiculatum vel ovatum, basi styli plus 
minus bulboso-castaneum. 
This species is allied to G. Muhlenbergii, to the small form of C. 
sparganioides, and to what I have considered as the G. cephaloidea 
ol Dewey. It differs from G. Muhlenbergii, in its soft, membranous, 
and generally nerveless perigynium, and its longer plane leaves; 
from G. sparganioides, f3, in its smaller spike, cuspidate squamse, 
and occasionally nerved perigynium; and from G. cephaloidea in 
the smaller, ovate, often obtuse squama, and smaller perigynium, 
which in the typical form is not spongy at base. In its most 
characteristic form it is distinguishable from all by its small capi¬ 
tate spike. It this should be considered merely as a depauperate 
form, then I think that, with C. cephaloidea, it must merge into 
G. sparganioides, from the texture of the perigynium. 
I can see nothing to justify the separation of G. Leavenworthii. 
Specimens from Illinois from Dr. Mead show the transition from 
the one to the other. The perigynium of G. cephalophora is gene¬ 
rally membranous to the base, but in some specimens, as in G. 
Leavenworthii, it is spongy at base or at the lower margins,—a 
character in some cases the result of a deposition of spongy matter 
