124 
ILLUSTRATIONS OP THE GENUS CAREX. 
as the fruit ripens. Muhlenberg describes the perigvnium of G. 
cephalophora as “ fiavescens, demum atra.” I observe this dark 
colour in a specimen from New Mexico from Wright, and in others 
from the Rocky Mountains from Nuttall. 
The specimens figured are,— 
Tab. COCXCYI. No. 1. Pennsylvania, Sehweinitz. 2. Dexter, 
New York, Vasey. 
Tab. CCCXCVII. Auburn, New York, Carey. These speci¬ 
mens represent the “ G. cephaloidea ,” Sartwell, n. 21, and I sus¬ 
pect are those described under that name by Dewey in Wood’s 
Botany. 
Tab. CCCXCVIII. ai’e the “ C. Leavenworthii ,” Sartwell, Exs. 
n. 73, from Louisiana, Hale. 
287. C. MuMenbergii (Schlmhi'); spica o,vata vel ob- 
longo-cylindracea pallida, e spiculis 3-9 ovatis, superiori- 
bus vel omnibus simplicibus congestis vel inferioribus 
subdiscretis longiuscule setaceo-bracteatis, infima rarius 
composita : stigmatibus 2; perigyniis orbiculatis ovali- 
bus vel ovatis brevi lateque rostratis alte bifidis utrinque 
crebre valideque nervosis, superne anguste alatis serratis, 
imbricatis demum patentibus subcoriaceis pallidis, squama 
lanceolato-ovata acuta vel obtusa plus minus longe cus- 
pidata albida nervo viricli latioribus brevioribus vel lon- 
gioribus.— C. Muhlenbergii, Schfc.f. 178; Willd. 231; 
Kunth, 381 ( excl. descript, ejus ); Muhl. 221; Schw. et 
Tor. 304; Dewey, Sill. viii. 265 ; Dll. 529 ; Carey, 
513 ; Darlington, 346 ; Chap. 534 ; Sartwell, Dxs. n. 23. 
C. piniaria, Bose. C. pinetorum, Willd. ITerh. Schlecht. 
Linncea, x. 265. (Tab. CCCXCIX.) 
Var. /S. enervis; squamis ssepe muticis; perigyniis 
obsolete vel prorsus enerviis. (Tab. CCCC.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Dry fields and hill¬ 
sides, in sand and gravel. Hudson’s Bay to Texas. 
a. Culmus 1-2-pedalis, gracilis, strictus, rigidus, scaber. 
Folia i-2 lin. lata, rigida, carinata, plus minus conduplicata, 
culmo breviora vel sequantia. Bractece setacese, spiculis ple- 
rumque longiores : adspectum (cum squamis longiuscule cus- 
pidatis) comosum, spicse pnebentes; infima subinde 4-polli- 
caris. Squama plus minus cuspid atm, rarius muticse. Spica 
6-18 lin. longa, 3-5 lin. lata, abbreviata, ovata, vel oblonga, 
cylindracea. Perigynium orbiculatum, vel ovatum, basi ro- 
tundatum; vel ovale, basi acutum, l T 7 , -2 lin. longum, -y—1 -? (T 
lin. latum, breve lateque rostratum, rostro (in forma ovali) 
paulo longiore : typice plurinervium, rarius nervis plus minus 
obsoletis, subcoriaceum (nec basi spongiosum), marginibus 
recurvis. Achenium Ag-lyy lin. longum, T 8 - s -l lin. latum, 
orbiculatum; vel oblongum, basi productum, demum ferru- 
gineum. Stylus perbrevis, basi decidua, clavata vel bulbosa, 
sessili. 
Var. S > spiculis ebracteatis ; squamis breve cuspidatis, 
etiam muticis; perigyniis subcoriaceis, nervis minus distinctis, 
antice ad latera obsoletis, postice (vel utrinque) carentibus. 
This species, in its typical form, with orbicular strongly-nerved 
perigynia, long bracts, and aristate squamse, is sufficiently distinct. 
But it varies in the form and degree of nervation of the peri¬ 
gynia, in the length ot the bracts, and arista of the squamae. 
Still, in all its forms it is recognizable by the rigid culm and leaves, 
and the firm, not membranous texture of the perigynium, which in 
a and (3 is not spongy at base. The base of the very short style is 
sessile on the body of the achenium, varying in thickness, and 
Schkuhr’s beautiful figure in this respect is an exception to what 
I have observed. In the nerveless form of the perigynium, the re¬ 
semblance is great to 0. cephaloidea, but the broader flexile leaves 
and the thin membranous perigynium, which is spongy at base, of 
that plant, afford marks of distinction. 
The specimens figured are,— 
Tab. CCCXCIX. Rrom Connecticut, Hr. Barratt. 
Tab. CCCC. Highlands, Hudson River, Mr. Russell. 
288. C. Brongniartii (Kunth); spica ovata oblonga 
vel cylindracea densiflora demum ferruginea, e spiculis 
pluribus multifions apice masculis congestis, inferioribus 
compositis subinde discretis bracteatis ; stigmatibus 2 ; 
perigyniis ovatis vel suborbiculatis rostratis bidentatis 
compressis nervatis marginibus acutis scabris appressis 
fusco-ferrugineis basi spongiosis, squama rotundata ob¬ 
tusa vel ovata acuta cuspidata latioribus longioribus.— 
C. Brongniartii, Kunth, 380 ; Desv. FI. Chil. vi. 208. 
C. Muhlenbergii, JBrongn. ( Duperry, It. Dot. 151). C. 
muricata, Schlecht. Lhmcea, vi. 29 [fide Kunth). C. Xa- 
lapensis, Kunth, 380. C. hypoxanthus, Steud. Syn. 193. 
(Tab. CCCCI.-CCCCIII.) 
ITab. In Mexico, California, Chili, Xalappa, Kunth. 
Valdivia, Gay. Napa Valley, San Francisco, Mariposa, 
Thurber. Arigua, Techier, n. 738. Concepcion, D'Ur¬ 
ville. 
Radix lignosa, valide fibrosa. Culmus 1-2-pedalis, gracilis, 
triqueter, apice scabriusculus, inferne foliatus. Folia 2 lin. 
lata, firma, plana, culmo breviora, demum flavida. Bractea 
infima subsetacea, spica brevior, vel plures, subfoliacese, lon¬ 
giores. Spica abbreviata, vix 1-vel 1 |-pollicaris, 6 lin. lata. 
Squamae pallidse, lateribus ferrugineis. Perigynium lyy— 
lin. longum, T a 0 -1 lin. latum (rostro -p, lin. longo), nervis an¬ 
tice 7-9 postice 4-5 sursum conspicuis. Achenium lin. 
longum, Vo— t 6 o- liu. latum, late ovatum, basi productum. 
Stylus bulbosus, ima basi constrictus. 
A C. vulpina, L., differt perigyniis ssepe orbiculatis, appressis, 
magis compressis; rostro breviore ; basi styli bulbosa; culmo 
gracili. 
A C. Muhlenbergii, Schk., differt perigyniis basi spongiosis 
appressis fusco-ferrugineis, rostro longiore, ima basi styli 
constricta; spica majore multiflora. 
Kunth, as Gay remarks (Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 356, 1838), does not 
seem to have had a clear conception of G. Muhlenbergii, Schk., for 
he has given Willdenow’s character with a reference to SchkuhPs 
figure, 178, but has appended the description of a specimen from 
Jacquemont, which he had received under the name of C. vulpi- 
noidea, and which, as Gay has shown, was the true plant of Mi- 
chaux. The “ spicse proprise complures : utriculi enervii stra- 
mineo-flavidi ” apply to it and do not to G. Michlenbergii. 
I have adopted Ivunth’s name for Brongniart’s plant, thus se¬ 
parating it from G. Muhlenbergii, to which Brongniart had referred 
it, and have united with it G. Xalapensis, Kunth, and G. hypoxan- 
thus, Steudel, a specimen of which I owe to the kindness of M. 
Sonder of Hamburg, who procured for me several of the plants of 
Lechler. 
The specimens figured are,— 
Tab. COCCI. No. 1. The authentic specimen of O. Brongniartii 
of Kunth, from the Berlin Herbarium, sent to me for examination. 
2. A specimen from Valdivia, Gay. 
Tab. CCCCII. Specimens from California, Bigelow, in Whipple’s 
Exploration to the Pacific (from Herb. Hooker ), like a rough out¬ 
line of G. Xalapensis, which I have from the Berlin Herbarium. 
Tab. CCCCIII. Specimens of the C. hypoxanthus, Steudel, from 
Lechler, n. 738, procured for me by M. Sonder. 
289. C. vnlpinoidea (Michaux); spica composita vel 
decomposita oblonga vel elongata conglomerata ssepe 
basi interrupta pallida demum straminea vel ferruginea, 
e spiculis numerosis androgynis apice parce masculis 
densifloris deorsum in ramis sessilibus compositis insi- 
