126 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
spicata, Tall. Lam. C. arenaria, Leers, t. 14./. 2. C. 
multiformis, Thuitt. C. pseudo-arenaria, Levs. C. mo- 
desta, Gay, Ann. Sc. Nat. x. 304 (1888). C. Sartwellii, 
Dewey, Sill, xliii. 90; Sarhoell, Hxs. n. 12; Carey, 511. 
/3. repens, Reich, t. 210. n. 553. C. repens, Bellard, 
ScILf. 135. (Tab. CCCCX.) 
TIab. In Europe, Norway to Italy. Asia, Altai, Bai¬ 
kal, Davuria. N. America, Carlton Blouse, Richardson. 
Saskatchewan Prairies, Bourgeau. New York, Sart- 
well. Wisconsin, Lapham. Illinois, Vasey. 
Rhizoma profunde repens, squamis lanceolatis obtectum, 
fasciculos foliorum culmosque spicigeros ad intervalla pro- 
ferens. Culmus 1-2-pedalis, acute triqueter, scaber, basi rudi- 
mentis vaginisque foliorum clausus. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo 
breviora, plana, lsete viridia. Bradece e basi ovato-lanceolata 
cuspidatse: inferiores spiculis stepe longiores, vel infima spi- 
cam subsequans. Squamae ovatse, acutse, ferruginese vel pal- 
lidse. Spica 1-3 poll, longa, 3-8 lin. lata, forma varians, ob- 
longo-ovata vel lineari-elongata, vel lanceolata, vel ad mediam 
partem contracta. Spicules distributione staminum seque 
variabiles: terminalis et medics masculse vel apice masculse: 
intermedia masculse vel fere omnino masculse : inferiores foe- 
minese : rarius omnes foeminese vel apice masculse, ovatse, ellip- 
ticse, vel subrotundse, congestse, vel inferiores discretse. Peri- 
gynium 1 |- 2 | lin. longum, A;— r s ff lin. latum, plus minus 
longe rostratum. Achenium -( iT lin. longum, \ lin. latum, 
ovatum, ferrugineum, basi styli sequali. 
I see no cliaracters to distinguish G. Sartivellii from the Euro¬ 
pean G. distichci. It is often of a paler colour, more slender, and 
with smaller spiculie, as if growing in a drier clime, but I have 
specimens from France and Germany entirely Agreeing with it. In 
the distribution of the stamens there is the same variableness, the 
general character in both being “ spiculis apice masculis,” though 
there is a tendency in some spiculse to a predominance of the 
male or female florets, some being entirely male or female. Good- 
enough says,—“ Spiculis 8-20 infimis et terminali subfcemineis; in 
foemineis scilicet saepius flos unus aut alter masculus, et in mascu¬ 
lis foemineus conspieiendus est; fLores foeminei semper inferiores.” 
The perigynium in the European plant varies in length 
lines long); in the American it is smaller ( 8 |—2 lines long). I 
believe in both the orifice is normally entire. The margin is some¬ 
times simply acute, or there is a narrow wing extending nearly to 
the base. 
Smith, in the Eng. FI., refers the G. repens, Bellard, to G. are¬ 
naria. Reichenbach considers it as a variety of his G. intermedia, 
and, I think, correctly. 
Bentham (Handbook, 561) considers G. disticha as “ an inland 
variety, growing in marshy ground and wet meadows, of C. are¬ 
naria, L. ”—certainly a very variable plant. The chief distinc¬ 
tions are, that G. arenaria is found in the deep sand of the sea- 
coast, with a much more diffused rhizome, shorter, often fascicled 
culms, rigid canaliculate leaves ending in an attenuate curved 
apex, a broader spike, the spiculse occasionally male at base (which 
has never been observed in G. disticha), cuspidate squamaj, peri¬ 
gynium spongy at the sides and base, with generally a broader 
wing, which is often obliquely truncate at base. 
Tab. CCCCX. The specimens figured are from Illinois, Vasey, 
with perigynia and achenia (No. 2) from a specimen from France, 
showing the difference of their form and size in the European 
plant. 
291. C. Gayana (Desvaux); spica (subinde dioica!) 
ovafa capitata fusco-ferruginea, e spiculis apice masculis 
{Gay), vel masculis vel foemineis pluribus arete congestis, 
inferioribus compositis; bracteis setaceis spica brev iori 
bus; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis suborbiculatis brevi 
conico-rostellatis, ore minimo hyalino antice alte secto, 
superne ad margines scabris nitidis crasse spongiosis 
castaneis, squama ovata acuminata cuspidata fusco-ferru¬ 
ginea apice albo-hyalina angustioribus brevioribus.— C. 
Gayana, Desv. FI. Chil. p. 205 {fide spec, in Herb. Mus. 
Paris). (Tab. CCCCXI.) 
“ Spicis crebris, apice masculis, fere in uno eodemque culmo 
totis masculis vel foemineis in paniculam spicseformam ovatam 
dense congestis, saturate fuscis ; utriculo 1-1 f lin. longo 
enervio nitido ovato - rotundato, rostro fere nullo, superne 
angulis denticulato-scabris, ore truncato scarioso bidentato; 
achenio obovato-rotundato.”— FI. Chil. 
TIab. In Cliili, Gay. Nov. Mexico, Fendler, n. 881. 
Base of the Bocky Mountains, Bourgeau (Herb. HookerJ. 
Rhizoma repens. Culmus subpedalis, triqueter, scaber. 
Folia 1 lin. lata, culmo breviora, pallide viridia. Spica 8-10 
lin. longa, 6-7 lin. lata. Perigynium 1-1-A lin. longum, yy 
lin. latum; ore antice secto, una margine albo-hyalina supra 
alteram jacente, ad mediam partem antice quasi sulcatum, 
ibique 2-3 nervis notatum, lateribus convexis, postice enerve. 
Achenium fy lin. longum, (y lin. latum, orbiculatum, basi 
productum. 
C. decomposites, Dewey, proxima; differt et ab affinibus 
spica congesta capitata. 
In Fendler’s and Bourgeau’s specimens I could not discover 
any male florets. Willdenow remarks their occasional absence in 
G. parcidoxa, one of the group to which G. Gayana belongs. With 
Gay’s specimen in the Herb. Mus. Paris, which I examined, there 
was one, about 3 or 4 inches high, with lax male spiculse; and not 
having then seen the ‘ Flora Chilensis,’ in which the dioicous cha¬ 
racter of the species is mentioned, I did not suppose that it be¬ 
longed to it, and thus failed to figure it. 
Tab. CCCCXI. The specimens figured are from the base of the 
Rocky Mountains, Bourgeau (Herb. Hooker). 
THE END. 
PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, 
LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, LONDON. 
