106 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
geminate, from Annandale, Edgeworth. The spiculse are more or 
less lax-flowered, and the rostrum varies from yU to T <n line long. 
Tab. CCCXYI. The two lower spikes of a specimen from Kathi, 
Strachey and Winterbottom ; fully mature, most of the perigynia 
fallen. The spiculse elongate and lax-flowered, and the perigynium 
scabrous. This roughness is generally limited to the upper part 
of the perigynium, and is very inconstant. This specimen exhibits 
the character of G. meiogyna as Tab. CCCXI. does that of G. 
filicina. 
Tab. CCCXVII. A specimen from Lachen, Dr. HooJcer; de¬ 
pauperate in all its parts. 
Tab. CCCXVIII. Small specimens, found in “ woods, Lachen, 
7-9000 ft.” by Dr. Hooker, in some respects connecting G. filicina 
with G. cruciata, of Nees. Larger specimens from “ Nyrung,” 
Hooher, equally pale, with yellowish etiolated leaves, have the 
more composite inflorescence and the squamae of G. filicina ; the 
perigynium (occasionally more obtusely triquetrous) with a longer 
or shorter rostrum, the direction of which is straight or arched 
downwards. 
On a review of the specimens referable to this species, of which 
I have seen some hundreds, I think it may aid the observa¬ 
tions of others by briefly alluding to the principal characters of 
its various forms. 
typica; inflorescentia fusco-rubra decomposita, ramis spiculisque 
divarieatis; flosculis fcemineis contiguis, masculis paucioribus, ros- 
tro elongato; foliis latis. 
meiogyna; spiculis demum elongatis; flosculis fcemineis dissitis, 
masculis ssepe pluribus ; rostro breviore. 
pallida; inflorescentia foliisque lutescenti-pallidis angustiori- 
bus. 
minor; omnibus partibus depauperatis. 
252. C. cruciata (Nees); spica elongata pallida de¬ 
composita, e spicis partialibus subduplicato-pinnatim com- 
positis, superioribus congestis, inferioribus remotis longe 
exserte pedunculatis, mediis geminis ineequalibus, ramis 
oblique erectis ; spiculis obliquis apice parce masculis 
basi laxe fcemineis, bracteis culmo longioribus, vaginis 
superne scabriusculis • stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovali- 
bus triquetris plus minus longe rostratis, ore integro plus 
minus obliquo nunc emarginato, vel bilobulato, pallidis 
glabris, rostro ferrugineo ad margines sparsim dentato, 
nervatis obliquis vel excurvis, squama ovata deorsum 
longius hispido-aristata, clorso scabra ciliata fulva lineolis 
ferrugineis notata longioribus latioribusque.—C. cru¬ 
ciata, a, Nees, apud Wight, p. 123. (Tab. CCCXIX., 
CCCXX.) 
Hab. In Himalaya temperata et subtropica, 4-7000 
ped. Nipal, Wallicli. Mussooree, Hoyle, n. 86, etc. 
Khasia, Griffith, Hooher. Sliaidevi in Kunawur?, Strachey 
and Winterbottom. Kursing, Dr. Hooher. 
Culmus gracilis, Isevis. Folia 4-6 lin. lata, flaccida, glabra, 
apice solum infraque scabriuscula. Bractece 2-4 lin. latse. 
Vaginae superne et extus pulverulento-scabriusculse. Pedunculi 
graciles, scabri. Spicules graciles, laxa:, terminales apice flos¬ 
culis masculis 3-5, basi fcemineis 7-12 alternis instructse. 
Squamae masculse angustiores, mucronatse vel superiores mu- 
tics, laxse : fcemineae inferiores longe hispido-aristatse, obtusse 
vel emarginatse: superiores longiores, acutse. Perigynium 
l T 5 r,—2 lin. longum, (rostro tV - t 9 o bn. longo,) - 5 - 0 - bn. latum, 
pallidum, rarius punctis ferrugineis notatum: ore ferrugineo, 
membranaceo, integro, obliquo : rostro ad margines plus minus 
sparsim dentato. Achenium (cum stipite lin. longo) 1-fVy 
lin. longum, plus fi 0 - lin. latum, ellipticum, fuscum, angulis 
pallidioribus, basi styli persistente, apice ampliata, apiculatum. 
Stylus conicus. 
Nees described his G. cruciata, a, from specimens of Wallich, 
from Nipal, and of Hoyle, from Mussooree, both of which I have 
in my herbarium. He quotes Wahlenberg for the species, though 
Wahlenberg’s plant was a native of Canton, and probably the G. 
Bengalensis of ^Roxburgh. 
I doubt if G. cruciata will be found separable from G. filicina. 
It looks like a variety growing in woods, in which Strachey and 
Winterbottom found it. It is distinguished by its pale colour, 
laxer and less compound inflorescence; the branches of the spikes 
and spiculse obliquely erect; the occasional longer arista of the 
lower female squamae, which are sometimes emarginate and ciliate; 
the variable orifice of the perigynium, which is never arched down¬ 
ward ; the slight roughness of the bracteal vaginae; and the more 
flaccid leaves. 
But I cannot say that all these characters are constant, and it 
must be left to future observers in India to determine how far 
different localities affect the plants of this very puzzling group. 
The specimens figured are— 
Tab. CCCXIX. A specimen from “Shadevi Woods, 6000 ft.,” 
from Strachey and Winterbottom. 
Tab. CCCXX. One from Kursing, from Dr. Hooker. 
253. C. amoena (Booth); spica oblonga ferruginea, e 
spicis partialibus ovatis densis duplicato-pinnatim com- 
positis rarius mediis geminis, superioribus congestis in- 
fima vel inferioribus breve exserte pedunculatis subre- 
motis; spiculis brevibus densifloris apice parce masculis, 
bracteis angustis culmo longioribus, vaginis superne sca- 
bridis; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ellipticis triquetris ex¬ 
curvis longe rostratis, ore obliquo bilobato, glabris vel 
rostro ad margines sparsim dentato, nervatis ferrugineis, 
squama lanceolata acuminata deorsum longius aristata 
glabra vel carina scabra ferruginea longioribus latiori¬ 
busque.—C. amoena, Boott. C. cruciata, /3, Nees, l. c. 
p. 123. (Tab. CCCXXI.) 
Hab. Penins. Ind. orient. Nilghiris, Wight, n. 1917. 
Madras, Dr. Hooher. 
Culmus ^-11-pedalis, gracilis, lands ■ pars spicas gerens 3-7 
poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo breviora, rigida, infra 
scabra, marginibus revolutis. Vagina infima 6-10 lin. longa, 
superne scabrida. Spicae partiales 10-12 lin. longse, 6 lin. 
latse : inferiores 2-3 poll, remotse. Squamae omnes lanceo¬ 
late, aristata;, masculse laxe. Perigynium 2-2- r a () - lin. longum, 
T 4 ,, lin. latum (rostro 1-1—- lin. longo) : ore obliquo, bilobato, 
rarius integro. Achenium -fi lin. longum, T %- lin. latum, basi 
styli persistente et decidua equali.—In uno flosculo achenium 
hexagonum, stigmatibus sex! 
A C. cruciata, a, Nees, differt inflorescentia breviore, magis 
compaeta, ferruginea; spiculis brevioribus, congestis, densi¬ 
floris ; squamis angustis, lanceolatis; perigyniis longius rostra¬ 
tis, basi styli equali; culmo breviore; foliis rigidis, angustis, 
infra scabris, marginibus revolutis. 
Nees described his O. cruciata, f3, from an imperfect specimen of 
Wight’s, exhibiting only the upper portion of the spike. I have 
an entire specimen from Wight, with which others brought from 
Madras by Dr. Hooker agree, and one of which I have figured; 
the orifice of the perigynium I suspect is normally entire, and that 
its bilobed character depends upon a rupture on the protrusion of 
the stigmata. 
254. C. ramosa (Schkuhr); spica elongata glauco-fer- 
ruginea, e spicis partialibus laxis pinnatim vel duplicato- 
pinnatim compositis, ambitu ovato, superioribus con¬ 
tiguis, inferioribus remotis longe exserte pedunculatis, 
mediis geminis ; spiculis patulis subpaucis apice flosculis 
masculis 3-6, basi fcemineis pluribus laxe imbricatis; 
