ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
3 
contiguis vel infima remota subraclicali; stigmatibus 3 ; 
perigyniis obovatis vel ovalibus rostratis, ore membra- 
naceo oblique fisso demum bidentato vel bificlo, obtuse 
triquetris enerviis scaberrimis ciliatis pallide-olivaceis, 
squamam oblongam sensirn vel abrupte acuminatam vel 
ovatam vel obovatam obtusam hispido-aristatam casta- 
neam medio basique pallidam margine vix vel late albo- 
membranaceam demum decolorem subsequantibus.—C. 
setigera, Don, Prod. 43 ! Lin. Trans, xiv. 330; Nees, 
126! Kunth, 515; Drejer, Symb. 20. t. 8. C. hyme- 
nolepis, Nees, 126 ! Kunth, 50. (Tab. VI.) 
Hab. a, in Himalaya centrali et occidentali temperata 
a Nipal, Wallich in. 3385)! ad Kashmir, alt. 6-8000 
ped., Thomson ! ft, in Himalaya orientali temperata ad 
Nipal et Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ped., J. I). Hooker, etc. 
Culrnus 2-J-12 poll, altus, lsevis, basi vaginis ferrugineis 
reticnlato-fibrosis tectus; pars spicas gerens |-6 poll, longa. 
Folia 1-1 \ lin. lata, culmo longiora, marginibus revoluta. 
Bractece inferiores vaginate, omnes culmo (ssepe multum) lon- 
giores. Vaginae 1-6 lin. longse. Spices masculce 2 lin. ad 
pollicem longae, sessiles. Squamae acute vel obtusse, cuspi¬ 
date. Spicas fasmineas 2-12 lin. longse, 1-2 lin. latte : supe- 
riores (vel suprema solum) parce apice masculse, sessiles: 
inferiores exserte pedunculate : omnes simplices, congeste vel 
approximate, vel inferiores basi ramulis 1-2 brevibus compo¬ 
site, infima interdum subradicalis simplex. Squamae oblongo- 
lanceolate, acutse, obtusse, sensirn vel abrupte acuminatse, plus 
minus longe aristatse, castanese, demum omnino decolores. Pe- 
rigynium lin. longum, T %- T 6 7) - lin. latum. Achenium 
-to— ro bn. longum, T 4 (J -. v lin. latum, suborbiculato-triquetrum 
vel ellipticum, fuscum, punctulatum, basi styli obliqua vel 
recta apiculatum, stipitatum. 
In the £ Symbol® Caricologicse ’ of Drejer, edited by the Danish 
Academy in 1844, after the death of that excellent observer, there 
is a figure of O. setigera, Don (t. 8. p. 20), from a specimen sent 
by Wallich to Ilornemann, apparently from an immature plant. 
Drejer remarks that it varies “ squamis longius breviusve aristatis; 
spicis longioribus brevioribusque, pluribus paucioribusque, omnibus 
pedunculatis et nonnisi infima pedunculata, valde approximatis et 
remotis non contiguis, supremis masculis, inferioribus androgynis, 
apice masculis et summis mere masculis, mediis androgynis, infimis 
mere foemineis: variat porro statura humili, tenella et elata, ro- 
busta, spicis densioribus et gracilioribus, squamis foemineis hyalino- 
albidis et fuscis, quare subduplici forma forsitan proponenda: 
“ a, hymenolepis; spicis tenuioribus et gracilioribus, squamis 
hyalino-albidis.— O. hymenolepis, Nees. 
“ft, chroolepis; spicis densioribus, squamis intensius palli- 
diusve castaneo-fuscis.— C. setigera, Don.” 
Erom an original specimen of O. setigera, given to me many 
years ago by Mr. Don, it is evident that the distinction here pro¬ 
posed by Drejer will not apply to it and to other specimens since 
brought from the East Indies; and Drejer himself had doubts on 
the subject, for he remarks, u Nees indicat Q. hymenolepin setigerce 
affinem esse sed majorem et spicis albis distinctam. Sed in 
herbario Hornemanni adsunt specimina G. setigerce, a Wallichio 
missa, quse etiam robustiora sunt quam G. hymenolepidis specimina 
authentica et saltern non kumiliora. Ex sex speciminibus non 
nisi duo habebant squamas albas, csetera squamas castaneo-fuscas, 
et ex his rursus unum in omnibus cseteris form® alb® simillimum 
fuit.” 
The difference in the colour of the scales depends, I think, 
merely on age, and is observable in the typical form and in the 
variety ft. Judging from the collections I have seen, the typical 
form is more rare than the variety ft. Of this last, I have figured 
the two most common forms,—the one tall and gracile, the other 
short, with densely-flowered, contiguous spikes. In the typical 
form the orifice of the perigynium is conspicuously membranous 
and obliquely cut. Drejer describes it, “ ore hyalino bilobo, lobulis 
interdum in setulas tenerrimas productis.” In the variety ft it 
varies, sometimes distinctly membranous, more or less oblique, 
emarginate-bidentate or bifid. In Dr. Hooker’s specimens (t. 6. 2), 
which are not mature, it is emarginate, or almost entire, while in 
Dr. Thomson’s (t. 6.1) it is deeply bifid. I believe this to depend on 
the marginal nerves, in the short rostrum, extending to, or, in the 
longer rostrum, stopping short of the orifice, and the more or less 
shrinking of the membranous portion. I have not observed any 
other characters to separate these forms. The scales vary in form, 
and though almost glabrous, yet rarely the medial nerve is sca¬ 
brous, and the limb near it slightly hairy. The bracts vary much 
in length, sometimes very much longer than the culm or only 
equalling it. In a few cases I have observed the terminal or all 
the spikes androgynous-male at top. The fasciculate form has 
only been observed by Strachey and Winterbottom in a young 
state. 
7. C. spiculata (Boott); spicis 4-5 simplicibus cylin- 
dricis erectis pallidis apice quasi caudatis masculis, supe- 
rioribus approximatis sessilibus, inferioribus subremotis 
exserte pedunculatis bracteatis; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis 
ellipticis acute triquetris sensirn rostratis bidentatis basi 
productis valide nervatis glabris superne ad mar gulps 
serratis, squama lanceolata acuminata vel hispido-cuspi- 
data pallida latioribus eamque subsequantibus.— C. spi¬ 
culata, Boott, Lin. Trans, xx. 139. (Tab. VII.) 
ft ; spicis pluribus, inferioribus compositis, perigyniis 
scabriusculis. 
TIab. In regionibus subtropicis Mont. Khasise, alt. 
3-4000 ped., Griffith! Hooker et Thomson! 
Culmus bipedalis, firrnus, lsevis, inter spicas scaber, basi re- 
liquiis foliorum laceratis vaginisque reticulato-fissis rubro- 
pupureis tectus. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, plana, culmo longiora. 
Bractece inferiores foliacese, culmo longiores, vaginate: supe- 
riores setacese, spicis suis breviores. Spicas 1-lf poll, longse, 
2-3 lin. late, subsequales, omnes apice masculse. Squamas lan¬ 
ceolate, acuminate, cuspidate, glabrse. Perigynium 1-^-2 
lin. longum, T f v lin. latum, rostro ssepe lin. longo. Ache¬ 
nium 1 T \ lin. longum, T v- lin. latum, ellipticum, triquetrum, 
faciebus concaviusculis angulis concoloribus, basi styli recta 
apiculatum. 
ft. C. composites affinis, tamen perigyniis longioribus acute 
triquetris rostro longiori valide nervatis minus scabris pallidis, 
squamis angustioribus, acbenio elliptico basi styli recta differt. 
8. C. composita (Boott); spicis 7-12 insequalibus cy- 
lindricis oblongisque purpureis apice caudato masculis, 
superioribus simplicibus sessilibus contiguis, inferioribus 
remotis inserte vel exserte pedunculatis compositis, e 
spiculis 2-7 apice pedunculorum insidentibus longe brac¬ 
teatis ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis orbiculatis ovalibus vel 
obovatis compressis demum subtriquetris abrupte brevi- 
rostratis bifidis enerviis vel plus minus obsolete nervatis 
scaberrimis margine serratis pallidis purpureo-tinctis, 
squama ovata vel lanceolata acuminata longe cuspidata 
dorso scabra purpurea medio late pallida margine an- 
guste albo-membranacea subsequilata brevioribus. (Tab. 
VIII.) 
Hab. In Assam, Major Jenkins / {Herb. Hooker')-, et 
in regionibus subtropicis et temperatis Kbasise, alt. 4- 
6000 ped., LLooker et Thomson! 
Culmus sub-3-pedalis, rigidus, obtusangulus, lsevis, superne 
gracilis, scaber, basi vaginis foliorum reticulato-fissis pallidis 
tectus; pars spicas gerens subpedalis. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, 
firma, culmo longiora, basi involuta, superne marginibus revo- 
