ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE OENUS CAREX. 
7 
foemineis sessilibus contiguis vel approximate, infima 
subvaginata interdum radicali exserte pedunculata, brac- 
tea infima (nisi radicali) culmo plerumque paulo longiore; 
stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ovalibus utrinque acutis emar- 
ginatis nervatis puberulis pallide viridibus, squama ob- 
longa truncata vel emarginata albida demum flavescente 
longe valideque ciliato-cuspidata brevioribus.— C. Roy- 
leana, Wees, Wight, Contr. 127! (1834); Kunth, 441. 
(Tab. XIX.) 
Hab. In Himalaya occid. temperata, Boyle, n. 152! 
Munro, n. 2428 ! Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ped., Thomson! 
Culmus 5-8-poll., basi foliatus, gracillimus, triqueter, scaber; 
pars spicas gerens 7-20 lin. vel 6 poll, longa. Folia plana, 
culmo breviora: vel radicalia latiora, 11 lin. lata, graminea, 
eo longiora. Bractea infima brevissime vaginata, culmo lon- 
gior vel brevior, quandoque radicalis longius vaginata, spica 
sua longior. Vagina sublineam longa, vel radicalis 6 lin. 
longa. Pedunculus radicalis 11 poll, longus, scaber. Spicas 
omnes comosse, contiguse vel alternm, 3-6 lin. longse, 11-2 lin. 
latte : mascula sessilis vel pedunculata : fceminea infima quan¬ 
doque subradicalis, longe exserte pedunculata. Squamae omnes 
albidge, demum flavescentes, longe valideque ciliato-cuspidatse : 
vel masculse superiores acutse : foeminese truncatse vel emargi- 
natse, superiores subacutte, omnes plus minus apice ciliatse. 
Perigynium 1-po lin. longum, fa bm latum, aclienium laxe 
vestiens. Aclienium fa lin. longum, 1 lin. latum, oblongo- 
triquetrum, apice quasi cyathiforme, margine basin incras- 
satam styli cingente: medio, e defectu albuminis, morbide 
indentatum. 
This species has a very close affinity with Q. breviculmis, Brown, 
of Australia and New Zealand, and with G. leucoclilora, Bunge 
(Mem. St. Petersb. ii. 142, 1835), of China, and with G. Langs- 
dorffii, Boott (Lin. Trans, xx. 144), of Japan, which is probably 
referable to Bunge’s plant. A more intimate acquaintance with 
all these species may possibly prove their specific identity. G. 
breviculmis differs from G. Ftoyleana, spicis foemineis ssspe apice 
masculis squamis masculis muticis, foemineis brevius cuspidatis 
bracteis foliisque longioribus; G. leucoclilora and G. Langsdorffii, 
squamis masculis ssepe muticis, foemineis plerumque acutis. The 
perigynium, achenium, and incrassate base of the style are alike 
in all. 
18. C. munda (Boott); spicis 5-8 oblongis pallidis 
androgynis apice masculis basi laxiuscule (vel quibusdam 
omnino) foemineis, superioribus sessilibus arete contiguis, 
e perigyniis {stigmata gerentibus) egredientibus, inferio- 
ribus remotis longe exserte pedunculatis nutantibus, sin¬ 
gulis interdum basi compositis, vel geminatis; stigma¬ 
tibus 3; perigyniis triquetro-ovalibus utrinque attenuatis, 
rostro subexcurvo, ore subintegro albo-byalino, enerviis 
tenuissime granulatis pallidis, squama obtusa ssepe emar¬ 
ginata vel acuta mucronata vel mutica ferrugineo-tincta 
longioribus. (Tab. XX.) 
/3; minor, 2-|- poll, alta, spicis 4 infimis geminatis. 
Hab. In Himalaya orientali alpina ad Sikkim, alt. 
10-14,000 ped., J. D. Hooker. 
Culmus 1-1-g-pedalis, triqueter, gracilis, scabriusculus, basi 
foliatus; pars spicas gerens 4-8 poll, longa. Folia 1-1 \ lin. 
lata, graminea, plana, culmo breviora vel eum sequantia. 
Bracteae inferiores foliacese, spicis suis longiores: summse 
squaimcformes. Vaginae 6 lin. ad 2 poll, longse. Pedunculi 
inferiores 3-7 poll, longi, scabri, setacei: fasciculorum paulo 
insequales. Spicas insequales, 3-8 lin. longse, basi 1| lin. latse, 
androgyne, apice masculse, et omnino foeminese: superiores 
singulae, sessiles, evaginatse: terminalis apice dimidiatim mas¬ 
cula, ad ejus basin 1-4 breviores sitae, apice parce masculse, vel 
foeminese, e perigyniis {stigmata gerentibus ) progredientes: 
reliquae vel geminatae vel inferiores singulae interdum basi spi- 
cula brevi compositae. In fasciculis, spica longior androgyna, 
apice mascula: altera brevior omnino fceminea. Squamae mas- 
culae ferrugineae, demum pallidiores: foemineae apice ferrugineae, 
basi vel omnino pallidae, inferiores plerumque mucronatae, saepe 
emarginatae. Perigynium 1| lin. longum, -fa lin. latum, sub 
lente tenuissime granulatum. Aclienium fa lin. longum, \ 
lin. latum, triquetrum, stipitatum, pallidum, basi styli saepe 
obliqua apiculatum. Racheola filiformis, exserta, rarius adest, 
rudimentum axis, quae, in spicas aliquas, perigynia et squamas 
gerit. 
The racheola occasionally observable within the perigynium 
escaped the notice of M. Maubert, and is not represented in the 
figure. Its na ture is explained by the axis of a spike issuing from 
a fertile perigynium at y. It is probable that more luxuriant spe¬ 
cimens of this pretty species would exhibit a more compound in¬ 
florescence, and thus more closely associate it in habit with the 
fascicled group so abundantly found in Sikkim by Dr. Hooker. 
19. C. fragilis (Boott); spicis 4-7 linearibus pedun¬ 
culatis ferrugineis androgynis apice masculis basi laxe 
alternatim (vel quibusdam omnino) foemineis longissime 
exserte pedunculatis nutantibus remotis singulis vel me- 
diis geminatis, bracteis spicas suas subsequantibus; stig¬ 
matibus 3 ; perigyniis ( floriferis ) lanceolatis rostratis bi- 
fidis excurvis viridibus, rostro castaneo, parce pubescen- 
tibus, squama lanceolata obtusa castanea medio pallida 
margine albo-hyalina aristata (arista ssepe infra apicem 
egrediente) longioribus. (Tab. XXI.) 
Hab. In Himalaya orientali temperata ad Sikkim, alt. 
10-11,000 ped., J. D. Hooker. 
Culmus debilis, nutans, lsevis, basi foliatus; pars spicas gerens 
sesquipedalis. Folia 1-1 \ lin. lata, mollia, plana. Bracteae 
foliacese, longe vaginatse, superiores setacese. Vaginas infe¬ 
riores 11-3 poll, longse. Pedunculi 2-7 pollices longi, setacei, 
superne scabri. Spicas vel singulse vel mediae geminatse, 5-14 
lin. longse, 1-1 lin. latse, insequales: terminales fere omnino 
masculse, et in fasciculis longior ssepe plus quam dimidiatim 
mascula: altera brevior omnino foeminea. Flores foeminei 3-7 
alterni: masculi primum laxi, demum imbricati. Squamae 
conformes. Perigynium rostratum, ore subobliquo bifido, pu- 
bescens. 
The terminal spikes in the central figure are represented as 
male, but they have two or three female florets at base. The spe¬ 
cimens are too young to afford a satisfactory idea of the form of 
the perigynium. The general habit is that of O. munda, but the 
scabrous, bifid perigynia, long-peduncled spikes, etc., distinguish it 
from that species. 
20. C. macrogyna (Turcz.); spicis 3-4 rarius 5-6 
rubro-purpureis erectis ellipticis vel cylindraceis, summis 
arete congestis sessilibus, terminalibus (1 rarius 2) mas¬ 
culis vel basi foemineis, reliquis foemineis vel superioribus 
(rarius omnibus) apice extremo masculis, inferioribus 
subremotis exserte vel inserte pedunculatis basi attenua¬ 
tis, infima brevi foliaceo-bracteata rarius radicali longe 
pedunculata; stigmatibus 3 longis; perigyniis ellipticis 
erostratis vel rostellatis, ore hyalino truncate oblique 
fisso, plano-subtriquetris, superne scabris marginibusque 
serratis, purpureis basi pallidis antice nervatis nervis 
lateralibus magis prominentibus, squama rotundata vel 
oblonga rubro-purpurea- margine late albo-hyalina nervo 
pallido rarius extra apicem producto obtusissima angus- 
