12 
ILLUSTRATIONS OP THE GENUS CAREX. 
liatus; pars spicas gerens 20 poll, longa. Folia 6-7 lin. lata, 
culmo florifero multum longiora, firma, glaucescentia. Brac¬ 
tea inferiores 4 lin. latse, culmo longiores. Vagina*, inferiores 
1-2 poll. long;®. Pedunculi inferiores 3-6 poll, long!, firing 
superne scabri: bird inferiores, versus apicem, auriculis 2 fer- 
rugineis obtusis e basi spicse pollicem remotis instructi. Spica 
partiales inferiores 2-3 poll, longse, basi poll, latse, pallidse, 
concolores, ramis oblique adscendentibus. Spicula 3-5 lin. 
longse, 2-3 lin. latse,, apice flosculis masculis paucioribus in- 
structse, bracteola setseformi basi dilatata sulfultse. Squama 
masculse lanceolatse, acuminatse, acutse vel mucronulatse : foe- 
minese inferiores emarginatse, obtusse, longius aristatse, su- 
periores acutse: omnes albo-membranacese. Perigynium (vix 
maturum) 2 lin. longung f rJ lin. latum, pallide viride, ore albo- 
membranaceo. Achenium 1~ lin. longum, | lin. latum, ob- 
longo-triquetrum, basi productum, basi styli incrassata de¬ 
cidua. 
Ad C. cruciatam, Nees, accedens, differt spicis partialibus 
solitariis, magis compositis; squamis foemineis albidis, iuferio- 
ribus em arginatis; perigyniis arcuatim recurvis; folds rigidio- 
ribus, vaginis glabris; culmo pedunculisque validioribus. 
I bave not seen fully mature specimens of this species, in which 
probably there would be an elongation of the spiculse, and a con¬ 
sequent looser arrangement of the perigynia. The presence of the 
obtuse ferruginous auricula3 at some distance from the base of 
the lower spites would seem to indicate the possibility of branches 
issuing from them, giving a greater composition to the spikes. 
31. C. Rafflesiana (Booth); spica longissima {tripedali) 
lsete ferruginea concolori supradecomposita, e spicis par¬ 
tialibus 8 (ambitu lanceolato), inferioribus elongatis tripli- 
cato-racemosis geminatis laxis remotis exerte pecluncu- 
latis longissime lateque bracteatis, inferne ramulis sub- 
elongatis alternatim subremotis pedicellatis erectis, su¬ 
perne pluribus brevibus ovatis alternis sessilibus com¬ 
positis, spiculis numerosissimis parvis clensifloris apice 
masculis ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis arete congestis ova- 
libus triquetris rostratis, ore oblique secto demum bifido, 
superne scabriusculis vel glabris, rostro excurvo, ad mar- 
gines ciliato-serratis ferrugineo-lineatis nervatis conco- 
loribus, squama ovata acuta mucronata glabra lineolis 
ferrugineis notata longioribus. (Tab. XXXIII.) 
Var. /3 ■ spica fusco-ferruginea concolori, spicis par¬ 
tialibus inferne ramulis oblongis pedicellatis pluribus 
superne ovatis confluentibus, spiculis majoribus confertis, 
perigyniis ovali-lanceolatis longe rostratis rectis vel ex- 
curvis scabrioribus lineolis ferrugineis undique notatis, 
squamis foemineis dorso scabris, bracteis culmo brevio- 
ribus angustioribus.—C. Rafflesiana, JBoott, Lin. Trans. 
xx. 132. 
Hab. In Java, Horsfield. 
Culrnus validus, lsevis, apice scabriusculus ; pars spicas gerens 
tripedalis. Folia desunt. Bractea infima 6 lin. lata: su- 
periores angustse, culmo longiores. Spica tripedalis, lsete fer¬ 
ruginea, concolor. Spica partiales inferiores geminate, in- 
sequales, 4-7 poll, longse, subpollicem latse ; inferne ramulis 
1-11 poll, longis, erectis, alternis; superne pluribus, sursum 
brevioribus, sessilibus, instructs Spicula parvse, 2-3 lin. 
longse, sub-2 lin. latse: superiores solitarise, discretse, approxi- 
matse. Pedunculi graciles, scabri : inferiores 3-4 poll, longi, 
inaequales, exserti. Vagina glabrae: infima 2\ poll, longa. 
Rachis scabra. Squama ovatae, acutae, lineolis ferrugineis 
notatae : feemineae inferiores dorso scabriusculae, longius mu- 
cronatae : masculae angustiores. Perigynium (vix maturum) 
l-nr~fV bn. longum, lin. latum, rostro \ lin. longo, mar- 
ginibus ciliato-scaberrimis, glabrum vel superne scabriusculum. 
Achenium -fq lin. longum, plus x % lin. latum, oblongo-ovale, 
triquetrum, pallidum, basi styli subclavata, decidua. 
Var. f3. Spicula confluentes, flosculis masculis pluribus. 
Squama longiores, dorso scabrae. Perigynium 1-a- 2 lin. 
longum, -jig- lin. latum, rostro saepe lineam longo, scaberri- 
mum. Achenium (maturum) fuscum, T s 0 - lin. longum, yn lin. 
latum, basi styli obliqua. 
The aspect of the var. [3, from its dull ferruginous colour, the 
larger confluent spiculse, the more scabrous character of its scales 
and perigynium, with its long and often straight rostrum, and 
narrower bracts, contrasts with the form a. The elongated lan¬ 
ceolate outline of the partial spikes distinguishes this fine species 
from its allies on the continent of India. 
32. C. thrysiflora (Boott); spica subelongata viridi 
ferruginea, e spicis partialibus 5-8 (ambitu ovato vel 
ovato-lanceolato) subduplicato-racemosis composita, su- 
perioribus agglomerato-ovatis confluentibus sessilibus, 
inferioribus saepe geminatis laxioribus remotis oblongis 
erectis longe exserte pedunculatis, bracteis culmum 
subaequantibus; spiculis apice parce masculis densi- 
floris erectis squarrosis; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis tur- 
gide ovalibus triquetris longe rostratis alte bifidis diver- 
gentibus glabris, rostro margine serrato, nervatis viri- 
dibus, squama ovato-lanceolata acuta saepe subemarginata 
hispido-aristata dorso scabra nervata ferruginea latioribus 
longioribusque. (Tab. XXXIV). 
Hab. In peninsula Incliae orientalis, ad Nilgliiri mont., 
Wight. 
Culmus subbipedalis, rigidus, triqueter, lsevis, superne 
strigoso-scaber, basi foliatus, sursum foliis vaginantibus mu- 
nitus ; pars spicas gerens 6-8 poll, longa. Folia 1-3 lin. 
lata, firma, culmum sequantia, olivaceo-viridia. Bractea in¬ 
feriores vaginatse, foliacese: infima quandoque spica sua vix 
longior, vel elongata, culmum subsequans : supremse setacese, 
breves. Vagina infima |-2 poll, longa, apice scabra: superiores 
scaberrimse. Pedunculi scabri: infimus 1-7 poll, longus, gla- 
brior. Rachis strigoso-scabra. Spica partiales 1-1| poll, 
longse, 6-8 latse: superiores agglomerato-congestse, sessiles: 
inferiores remotse, laxse. Spicula 4-6 lin. longse, 2-3 lin. 
latse, densiflorse, apice flosculis masculis 4-6 basi foemineis 
pluribus undique imbricatis instructse: omnes congestse vel 
in spicis inferioribus discretse, altemse. Squama ferruginese, 
concolores: masculse lanceolatse, angustiores, acuminatse, mu- 
cronatse, glabrse: foeminese inferiores magis scabrse. Perigy¬ 
nium 2-2| lin. longum, -A~ lin. latum, divergens, viride, fer- 
rugineo-tinctum. Achenium (cum stipite f T] lin. longo) lyy 
lin. longum, lin. latum, ovali-triquetrum, basi productum, 
fuscum, punctulatum, basi styli clavata abrupte apiculatum. 
Affinis C. raphidocarpa, Nees, quse tamen foliis pilosis, 
rostro longiori graciliori, spicis magis compositis apertis gaudet. 
Forsan C. Bindley ana, Nees, forma; tamen ab ea e specimi- 
nibus Wightianis ! et Gardnerianis! differt spicis laxioribus, 
spiculis squarrosis, perigyniis divergentibus, flosculis masculis 
paucioribus, squamis minoribus foemineisque scaberrimis. 
The species of the Indian paniculate group of Garex will never 
be well understood until they are carefully studied by some patient 
observer in their native habitats. They seem to me to present in 
the herbarium the same difficulties that I found many years ago 
in the Asters of North America. It will be necessary to trace the 
modifications resulting from the young seedling plant and from 
older rooted ones, and from the immature to the fully mature state. 
The aspect of the spikes and spiculse, the proportionate number of 
the male to the female florets, and the form and direction of the 
perigynium are materially affected by age, and by a more or less 
