18 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
gatis erectis remotis ferrugineis, terminali mascula pe- 
dunculata, reliquis fcemineis alternis evaginatis, suprema 
subsessili, inferioribus pedunculatis densifloris vel basi 
interrupte laxifloris, infima longe lateque bracteata; stig- 
matibus 3; perigyniis turgide ovalibus ventricosis ros- 
tratis, ore membranaceo integro oblique secto, enerviis 
glabris divergentibus olivaceis vel ferrugineis, rostro pal- 
lido, squama oblonga emarginata cuspidata ferruginea, 
medio late pallida latioribus longioribusque.—C. ampli- 
folia, Boott, Hook. FI. Bor. Am. ii. 228. t. 226. (Tab. 
XL VIII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Marshy places on 
the Columbia River, Douglas. Thickets in rich mould 
on the fertile plains, above Colville, Upper Columbia, 
Geger, n. 573. 
Culmus 2f-ped., triqueter, validus, scabriusculus; pars spi- 
cas gerens 15 poll, longa. Folia 5—6 lin. lata, culmo longiora. 
Bractea infima 4-5 lin. lata, culmo longior : superiores eo bre- 
viores : summa setacea, spica sua brevior. Ligula ferruginea, 
amplectens. Pedunculi 6-14 lin. longi, glabri. Spica mas¬ 
cula 2\ poll, longa, 2 lin. lata, ferruginea, pedunculata. Spica; 
fmminca; 1^-3| poll, longse, 2-3 lin. latse, a se 4~4 poll, re- 
motse, obtusee, densiflorse vel basi laxiflorse. Squamae masculte 
obtusse, muticse, nervo infra apicem evanescenfe, ferruginese, 
margine pallidas : foeminese emarginatse, inferiores longius cus- 
pidatae, summae rarius muticae. Perigynium l-p,,- lin. longum, 
-do lin. latum, rostratum : rostro basi pallido, apice ferrugineo : 
ore membranaceo, obliquo, integro, facile rupto: enerve, nisi 
nervis 2 marginalibus, glabrum, reticulato-membranaceum. 
Achenium T 8 -- lin. longum, -do lin. latum, ovale, triquetrum, 
castaneum, angulis pallidioribus, basi styli apiculatum. Stylus 
supra basin incrassatus. 
C. scabratce, Scbw., afRnis. Differt omnium partium gla- 
britie ; spicis longioribus, remotioribus; perigyniis enerviis ; 
squamis foemineis emarginatis, cuspidatis. 
The specimens found by Douglas were too young to afford any 
satisfactory evidence as to the affinity of this species. Those from 
Geyer prove its close resemblance in habit to 0. scabrata. 
47. C. crinita (Lamarck); spicis 5-6 rarius 4-7 cylin- 
dricis pedunculatis nutantibus pallidis, terminalibus 1-2 
masculis vel basi vel apice et basi masculis, reliquis foemi¬ 
neis ssepe apice masculis alternatim approximatis densiflo¬ 
ris crinitis evaginatis, inferioribus basi attenuato-laxifloris 
ssepe pendulis; bracteis inferioribus culmo multum longi¬ 
oribus ; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis suborbiculatis vel obo- 
vatis vel ovalibus abrupte vel sensim rostellatis, ore inte¬ 
gro minimo, breve stipitatis ventricosis enerviis divergen¬ 
tibus pallidis demum ferrugineis, squama oblonga emar¬ 
ginata vel truncata vel acuta ferruginea medio viridi ner- 
vata in aristam viridem ligulatam serratam longam hori- 
zontaliter patentem producta longioribus, infimis (arista) 
ssepe duplo quadruplove brevioribus. — C. crinita, Lam. 
Hnc. iii. 393 ; Wittcl iv. 300 ; Kunth, 415 • Mull. 229; 
Elliott, ii. 536; Dewey, l. c. x. 270, var. ft; Schw. et 
Tor. 360 ; Tor. Mon. 400 ; Darlington, 348 ; Carey, l. c. 
519; Sartwell, Dxs. n. 58. C. leonura, Wahl. Act. 
Holm. p. 161 (1803). (Tab. XLIX.) 
ft. minor.— Sells. /. 164, t. t. t.; Sartwell, FJxs. n. 78. 
C. gynandra, Tuckerman, aliorum [exparte). C. crinita 
<y, Tor. Mon. 401 ? 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Canada to Georgia, 
Culmus 2^-4-ped., acute triqueter, apice scaber, validus, ri- 
gidus, superne filiformis, basi rudimentis foliorum fuscis vagi- 
nisque ferrugineis reticulato-fissis tectus, inferne foliis longe 
vaginantibus vestitus, superne nudus, vaginis foliorum glabris; 
pars spicas gerens 4-9 pollices longa. Folia 2-4 lin. lata: 
superiora culmo longiora. Bractea infima latior, 2-4 lin. lata : 
inferiores culmo multum longiores : summa ssepe setacea, spica 
sua brevior : omnes evaginatse, vel infima rarius vaginata. Li¬ 
gula infima discreta, rotundata, obtusa, ferruginea, apice folio 
impressa. Pedunculi -|-2 poll, longi, filiformes, scabri. Spica; 
mascula; 1-2-pedunculatse, nutantes: terminalis I i-3 poll, 
longa, l-2f lin. lata, altera proxima, brevior, bracteata: vel 
terminalis ssepe apice et basi mascula: altera omnino vel basi 
mascula. Spica; fceminece ssepius 4 vel 3-5, approximate, 
1-31 P°h- longse, 2-21 hn- (vel ex apicibus aristarum 5-6 lin.) 
latse: superiores vel omnes ssepe apice masculse: infima 2-4 
poll, remota, in uno specimine vaginata (vagina pollicem 
longa) : densiflorse: insigniter comosse. Squamce masculse 
ssepe angustiores, aliter omnes conformes, longe aristatse. Pe¬ 
rigynium 1-1-do h n - longum, -fu-l lin. latum. Achenium sse¬ 
pius pravum, uno latere vel utrinque incisum, vel interdum, e 
medio transverse cavato, incurvatum. 
ft. minor; spicis 4-5 vel 6-7 oblongo-cvlindricis 1-2-polli- 
caribus, erectis vel nutantibus, terminali apice vel apice et basi 
sparse rarius omnino mascula, reliquis foemineis, vel apice parce 
masculis, ssepe sublaxifloris; perigyniis orbiculatis, abrupte ros¬ 
tellatis, ore integro vel leviter emarginato, ventricosis enerviis, 
squama oblonga truncata vel emarginata vel acuta plus minus 
aristata longioribus vel brevioribus, infimis (arista) ssepe duplo 
triplove brevioribus; vaginis foliorum glabris; culmo breviori 
graciliori; foliis bracteisque angustioribus. 
From the description of this species by Lamarck, I think the 
plant described above is his C. crinita. The expressions “ spicis 
crinitis,” “ecailles ouvertes,” “capsules arrondies, ovales,” apply 
to it more closely than to the following species. But it is not 
easy to quote its synonymy in all authors, as both, I have no 
doubt, have been included under C. crinita. Schk., f. 125, I 
think, belongs to C. gynandra, which is the C. crinita of Dewey, 
the present plant being his var. paleacea. Willdenow first quoted 
the C. paleacea of "Wallenberg as a synonym to O. crinita, Lam., 
probably induced by the description and the country referred to. 
But the expressions “ ore emarginato ” and “ culmo laxoft used by 
Wahlenberg, might have suggested some doubt of the accuracy of 
the reference, as neither applies to C. crinita or to C. gynandra, 
if this last be Willdenow’s plant, as I suppose it to be that of 
Schkuhr. All doubt however on the subject has been removed by 
Wahlenberg himself, who gave to Mr. Tuckerman a specimen of 
bis G. paleacea, from North America, which in no respect differs 
from C. maritima. I have the specimen before me, and it is 
identical with those brought by Drummond from Hudson’s Bay. 
Upon what characters Wahlenberg distinguished the two plants, 
I am at a loss to conjecture from his descriptions. The serratures 
on the female scale (in the figure, Tab. XLIX.) have escaped my 
observation. 
48. C. gynandra (Scliweinitz); spicis 4-6 cylindricis 
pedunculatis nutantibus, terminalibus 1-2 rarius mascu¬ 
lis ssepius apice et basi vel meclio vel basi masculis, reli¬ 
quis 3-4 foemineis, superioribus vel omnibus apice mas¬ 
culis alternatim approximatis laxiuscule imbricatim mul- 
tifloris, ssepe basi magis crinitis evaginatis, infima basi 
attenuato-laxiflora interdum remota longissime peduncu¬ 
lata pendula vaginata; bracteis inferioribus culmo lon¬ 
gioribus ; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovatis vel ellipticis 
sensim rostellatis, ore integro minimo, breve stipitatis 
ventricosis basi obsolete vel leviter nervatis oblique ad- 
scendentibus demum flavidis, squama lanceolata acumi- 
