20 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
basi rudimentis foliorum fuscis tectus, sursum foliis vaginan- 
tibus vestitus, superne nudus. Folia 1-14 lin. lata, scabra, su- 
periora culmo longiora vel breviora. Brad ecu squamseformes : 
infimge liispido-cuspidatse, rarius spiculis suis longiores. Spica 
9 lin. ad 2 poll, longa, 2-4 lin. lata, seepe medio angustata. 
Spiculce 4-12 vel plures, 2-5 lin. longse, 1-4 lin. latte, distri- 
butione numeroque staminum variabiles: ssepius mediae mas- 
culse, summa et inferiores apice masculse, vel fosminese : omnes 
arete congestse, vel inferiores distinctse vel subremotse. Squamae 
conformes. Perigynimn 2- 1 V _ 1 § ff lin. longum, -JL-l lin. latum, 
longe rostratum, rostro ssepe ferrugineo, ore margine albo-hya- 
lino antice alte fisso, plano-convexum, antice sequaliter 7-9- 
nervium, postice nervis paucioribus ssepe minus prominenti- 
bus margine alatum, ingequaliter serratum. Achenium lineam 
longum, Ait bn. latum, plano-convexum, ferrugineum, basi 
styli sequali apiculatum. 
This species, which is so widely diffused in the northern states, 
I have not seen till lately with any mature perigynia. The figure 
Tab. LII. was drawn from immature specimens, and does not ex¬ 
hibit the length to which the rostrum attains nor the number of 
nerves on the mature perigynimn (see Tab. CXLYI., where it is 
figured). Meyer’s figure is equally imperfect. The specimens from 
him and from Turczaninoff in Herb. ITooker are identical with 
American ones. The species extends from the Columbia River to 
California on the Pacific coast, and from the Rocky Mountains 
through British America to Michigan and Illinois and New Eng¬ 
land. Hr. Barratt finds it in sandy soil on pine plains. It is al¬ 
lied to 0. arenaria, but is smaller in all its parts, with a longer 
rostrum, and a continuation of the winged margin to the base of 
the perigynium. 
51. C. Liddoni (Boott); spica oblonga ferrugineo-al- 
bida, e spiculis 6 androgynis basi subdimidiatim mascu- 
lis ovalibus contiguis simplicibus composita; stigmatibus 
2; perigyniis lanceolatis acuminato-rostratis antice altius 
fissis bifidis alatis serrulatis leviter nervatis compressis 
laxe imbricatis superne medio ferrugineis, squama lance- 
olata acuminata acuta vel cuspidata lsete ferruginea mar¬ 
gine albo-liyalina nervo scabro paulo longioribus vel sub- 
aequantibus.—C. Liddoni, Boott, Hook. FI. Bor. Am. ii. 
p. 214. t. 215 {non Carey, Dewey, Sartwett, Exs. n. 40, 
quee C. siccata). (Tab. LIII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Columbia River, 
Scouler. 
Culmus 3-pedalis, apice acutangulus, scabriusculus, nudus; 
basi foliis 3-4 alternis vestitus. Folia 1^ lin. lata, culmo 
multum breviora, graminea. Vaginae intus albo-membrana- 
cese, superne fissse. Spica It poll, longa, \ poll. lata. Spi¬ 
culce 6-7 lin. longse, 3 lin. latte, basi subdimidiatim masculte, 
apice laxiuscule foeminese. Squamae omnes lanceolatse, Itete 
ferruginese, margine late albo-byalinse : masculm obtusae, nervo 
infra apicem hyalinam evanescente: foemineae acutae, acumi- 
natae, vel breve cuspidatae, nervo viridi scabro. Perigynium 
3Ao- 4 lin. longum, lin. latum, pallidum, medio sursum ferru¬ 
gineum. Achenium, cum stipite -(A lin. longo, 1-fy lin. lon¬ 
gum, Po li n - latum. 
C. aridae affinis. Differt spiculis paucioribus, minoribus, 
laxiusculis; squamis omnibus lanceolatis, ferrugineis; foemi- 
neis perigynia subaequantibus; achenio latiori; foliis grami- 
neis; vaginis intus albo-membranaceis, fissis. 
I have not seen other specimens than those originally brought 
by Hr. Scouler from the Columbia River; and future observation 
must determine whether the distinction between it and C. arida 
is valid. The foliation on the barren culms of C. arida is found 
equally on those of O. lagopodioides, and may exist in G. Liddoni. 
The difference in the vaginae of the leaves is striking; those of G. 
Liddoni, from the hyaline texture within, being easily ruptured, 
while those of C. arida are always entire. 
52. C. arida (Schw. et Tor.); spica elongata pallide 
flavide-viridi demum ferruginea concolori, e spiculis 8-10 
androgynis ima basi masculis elliptico-cylindraceis utrin- 
que acutis contiguis simplicibus nudis composita; stig¬ 
matibus 2; perigyniis lanceolatis elongatis acuminato- 
rostratis bifidis antice altius fissis alatis ciliato-serratis le¬ 
viter nervatis compressis arete imbricatis pallidis, squama 
ovato-lanceolata acuta margine albo-liyalina nervo glabro 
plus duplo longioribus.—C. arida, Schw. et Tor. 312. 
t. 24. f. 2 ; Carey, l. c. 515 ; Sartwett, Exs. n. 39. C. 
Muskingumensis, Schw. An. tab.; Deivey, Sill. x. 281. 
C. scoparia, Tor. Mon. 394 ( ex parte)-, Tuch. En. 8-17, 
var. y. (Tab. LIY.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali: in pratis, Ohio, Sul- 
livant; Illinois, Mead. 
Culmus 2^-3-ped., validus, rigidus, superne acutangulus, 
scaber, e basi ad partem tertiam superiorem foliis alternis va- 
ginantibus omnino tectus. Folia 2 lin. lata, rigida, erecta, 
apice attenuata, culmo breviora. In culmo sterili folia supe- 
riora alternatim magis magisque approximata, culmum omnino 
tegentia, apex vaginae inferioris basin proxirme includens. 
Basis foliorum postice (e vagina integra oriens) linea acute 
angulata impressa. Vaginae virides, striatae, integrae. Ligula 
pallida, angusta, arete amplectens. Spica 21-3 poll, longa, 
6-8 lin. lata. Spiculce 8-14 lin. longae, 2|-3 lin. latae, ima 
basi attenuatae masculae, utrinque acutae, nudae, vel infima ra- 
rius squama cuspidata, spiculam aequante, suffulta. In uno 
specimine spicula infima, 4 pollices remota, ab axilla folii 
superioris egrediens, pedunculo sesquipoUicari instructa, basi 
squamis sterilibus pluribus appressis alternis attenuata. Squa¬ 
mae masculae ovatae, obtusae: foemineae lanceolatae, acutae, te- 
nuissimae, byalino-albidae, vel omnes pallide fulvae margine 
liyalinae; nervo viridi, glabro. Perigynium 4-5 lin. longum, 
- 8 o—1 lin. latum. Achenium lyq lin. longum, lin. latum, 
lineare, plano-convexiusculum, stipitatum, fuscum, punctula- 
tum, basi styli apiculatum. 
This fine species, which, from its resemblance in habit to G. 
scoparia, was at one time considered a variety of it by Torrey, 
appears confined to the Western States of North America. I 
have not seen it except from Ohio and Illinois. 
53. C. decomposita (Muhlenberg); spica elongata basi 
interrupte ramosa pallide viridi demuni olivacea vel fer¬ 
ruginea, e spiculis androgynis apice masculis parvis 
ovatis numerosis contiguis sessilibus decomposita, ramis 
subsesquipollicaribus omnino spienliferis oblique adscen- 
dentibus, inferioribus breve setaceo-bracteatis; stigma¬ 
tibus 2 ; perigyniis obovatis abrupte breve conico-rostra- 
tis bifidis olivaceis, marginibus superne acutis serratis 
rostroque viridibus, subbiconvexis vel plano-convexis lu- 
cidis spongiosis, antice nisi medio stepe enerviis vel 
utrinque basi nervatis, nervis superne evanidis, squama 
ovata acuta vel breve cuspidata pallide ferruginea nervo 
viridi demum pallida hyalina latioribus, paulo longioribus 
vel sequantibus.—C. decomposita, Muhl. 1. c. 264 ; De¬ 
ivey, Sill. xxv. 140; Carey, l. c. 511; Kunth, 390; 
Sartwett, Exs. #.15. C. paniculata, var., Dewey, l. c. 
x. 276; Tor. Mon. 390. (Tab. LY.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. New York, Sart- 
well. Ohio, Sullivant. Louisiana (in ponds), Carpenter. 
Culmus 2-3-ped., triqueter, validus, scaber, basi foliosus. 
