26 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
128-166, t. 32, 42; Carey, l.c. 512; Sartwell, Exs. n. 
17. C. sicseformis, Boott, Boat. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 
113 (1845). C. Halei, Dewey, Sill. ii. (ser. 2.) 248. 
C. ornithorhynclia, PI. Exs. Fendler (sec. Kunze). C. 
hystrix, Gray in lift. (sec. Kunze). (Tab. LXY.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. New Orleans, 
Dnmmoncl, 432. Texas, Lindheimer. Florida, Chapman. 
St. Louis, Hngelmann. Ohio, Riddell. Illinois, Mead. 
Culmus 2-3-pedalis, validus, aoutangulus, scaber, basi folio- 
sus. Folia 3-6 lin. lata, culmo longiora, plana, apice atte- 
nuata. Bracteai setacese: infima vel inferiores quandoque 
spica longiores, ssepe obsoletse: basi bilobatse. Spica 21-5 vel 
7-12 poll, longa, 1-11 poll, lata : rami ssepe 11-21 poll, longi, 
vel abbreviati. Spicules demurn squarrosse. Perigynium 3-31 
lin. longum, inferne lineam latum, demum basi insigniter 
circumscriptione tumidum, spongiosum. Achenium lineam 
longum, T %- lin. latum, ovatum, basi productum, basi styli 
crassiori apiculatum. 
I am not aware that Mr. Shuttleworth has published this spe¬ 
cies. Kunze says merely “ Shuttleworth in litteris.” I described 
it in October, 1842, for a Paper communicated to the Boston 
Journal of Natural History in that year, which was not published 
till January, 1845. It varies in the size of the spike, but I can 
see nothing from an extensive suite of specimens to justify making 
even a variety out of them. The occasional existence of exclu¬ 
sively male spiculse is accidental, and the greater or less elongation 
of the setaceous bracts and branches of the spike and the depth of 
the anterior fissure of the perigynium afford no constant cha¬ 
racters. Kunze, in his description of Drummond’s specimens, 
which are not fully mature, speaks of the perigynia as “ basi mem- 
branaceo-dilatata,” and so figures them; and in his subsequent 
description as “ dilatato-truncata," his figure representing the re¬ 
markably prominent spongy rim of the base. This, I think, is the 
natural growth of the fully mature perigynium, the spongy sub¬ 
stance being deposited between the anterior and posterior mem¬ 
branes as the fruit ripens, as occurs in C. sterilis and G. exilis, and 
occasionally throughout the perigynium in some species, making 
the mature form essentially different from the immature. I have 
a specimen from Dr. Torrey, from “ the overflowed swamps of the 
Mississippi,” where the species appears to attain its maximum de¬ 
velopment. Dewey had received it from Kentucky. Its northern 
limit appears to be Ohio and Illinois, extending south to Texas 
and Florida. Schweinitz, in his Analytical Table, has a C. JVuttallii 
from Arkansas, the spikes of which he describes as “ corymbosely 
ramose,” and as “ near G. Indica.” I am not aware of any species 
in the States of the habit of G. Indica. Does he refer to the pre¬ 
sent species ? 
65. C. festiva (Dewey); spica ovata vel subrotunda 
fusco-ferruginea nuda vel bracteata, e spiculis 6-12 an- 
drogynis basi masculis subrotundis simplicibus in capi- 
tulum arete congestis composita; stigraatibus 2; peri- 
gyniis ovato-ellipticis attenuato-rostratis, ore albo-hyalino 
oblique antice secto demum bidentato, utrinque leviter 
nervatis, marginibus e basi acutis alatis, sursum e me¬ 
dio serrulatis, ferrugineis, squama lanceolata obtusiuscula 
ferruginea margine albo-hyalina paulo longioribus vel 
earn subsequantibus.—C. festiva, Dewey, Sill. xxix. 246 ; 
Drejer, Rev. Grit. 23; Fries, Nov. FI. Suec. Mant. iii. 
136; ejusd. Sum. Fey. Scand. 223; Anderson, Cyp. 
Scand. 63. t. 4./. 27; Lang, Car. Ger. et Scand. 52; 
Hoolter, FI. Bor. Am. ii. 215; ejusd. FI. Antarct. ii. 
363. C. incisodentata, Lechler, PI. Magellanicce, (Herb. 
Paris.) (Tab. LXVI.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali et meridionali, in Eu- 
ropa et Asia boreali. In Clroenlandia, Ilornemami. Una- 
laschka, Chamisso. Cumberland House and Bear Lake, 
Richardson. Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Columbia 
River, Scouler. Oregon, Nuttall. New Mexico, Fendler, 
n. 882. Cordilleras, near Coquimbo, Gay. Straits of 
Magalhaens, Anderson, Lechler. Alps of Lapland and 
Einmark, Fries. Alps of Norway, Anderson. 
Csespitosa. Culmus 6-15-poll., validus, basi foliis vaginan- 
tibus rudimentisque foliorum castaneis tectus: superne nudus, 
acute triqueter, scaber. Folia 2 lin. lata, culmo longiora vel 
breviora. Spica 6-9 lin. longa, 6-8 lin. lata, nuda vel bractea 
ssepe subfoliacea spicam subaequante suffulta. Spiculce 6-12, 
subrotundae, 3-4 lin. longse, 2-3 lin. latse. Squamae conformes, 
apice marginibusque albo-hyalinse. Perigynium 2 lin. longum, 
1 lin. latum, ferrugineum; rostro attenuate, fusco; ore albo- 
hyalino, antice fisso, bidentato: marginibus basi acutis, sur¬ 
sum alatis, serrulatis: utrinque leviter nervatum. Achenium 
yv lin. longum, \ lin. latum, oblongo-obovatum, basi styli 
sequali abrupte apiculatum, ferrugineum. 
This species, so widely diffused from Greenland and Arctic 
America, along the Rocky Mountains, and from TJnalaschka and 
the Oregon to the Cordilleras and the Straits of Magalhaens, has 
never been found in the limits of the United States, but within a 
few years has been met with in the north of Eixrope. I am in¬ 
debted to M. Spacli for a sight of Lechler’s C. incisodentata from 
Sandy Point. 
66. C. Purdiei (Boott); spica oblonga fusco-ferruginea, 
e spiculis 8-12 androgynis basi masculis contiguis sim¬ 
plicibus inferioribus bracteatis composita; stigmatibus 
2 ; perigyniis e basi ovata lanceolata plus minus attenuato- 
rostratis, ore integro oblique secto, nervatis inalatis apice 
ad margines interrupte tuberculato-dentatis ferrugineis 
demum fuscis, squama ovata acuta vel obtusa ferruginea 
nervo pallido longioribus. (Tab. LXVII.) 
Hab. In America Meridionali. Bogs near the snow : 
N evada de St. Martha, Columbia; Paramo de Cuchero, 
W. Pur die (Herb. Hoolter). 
Radix repens; fibris validis, lignosis. Culmus l|-ped., tri¬ 
queter, scaber. Folia 11-2 lin. lata, culmo breviora. Bractea; 
e basi squamseformi setacese, spiculis suis longiores, vel infima 
angusta spicam subsequans. Spica 12-14 lin. longa, 6 lin. 
lata. Spiculce 5 lin. longse, 3 lin. latse: superiores congestse : 
inferiores discretse: infima interdum subremota. Squamce 
conformes, ferruginese, nervo pallido. Perigynium 1 At- 2-2 
lin. longum, 1 lin. latum, inalatum, versus apicem marginibus 
interrupte quasi tuberculis apiculatis dentatis. Achenium A,- 
lin. longum, Ar lin. latum, oblongo-ovatum, basi productum, 
biconvexum, basi styli conica apiculatum. 
A C. festiva differt, spica oblonga, laxiori; perigyniis ina¬ 
latis, nec attenuato-rostratis, apice tuberculato-dentatis ; ache- 
nio oblongo-ovato; radice repente. 
The peculiar roughness of the apex of the perigynium is not 
correctly drawn in the figure. It is not a continued series of fine 
serratures, as in G. festiva, but a more or less interrupted group 
of little, coloured, ovate tubercles, with short, setaceous apices, 
and the margins of the perigynium, as shown in the magnified 
apex of the perigynium at d, have too much the appearance of 
their being winged. The form of the perigynium, with its trun¬ 
cate orifice, the absence of winged margins, and the tuberculated 
roughness at their apex, with the oblong, loose spike, form evident 
characters to distinguish this species from G. festiva. 
67. C. alopecoidea (Tuckerman); spica ovata vel ob¬ 
longa demum castanea, e spiculis 8-12 androgynis apice 
masculis ovatis coarctato-congestis simplicibus setaceo- 
bracteatis, vel infima rarius composita remota subfoliaceo- 
