28 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
O. trisperma with it, considering the Leptanllierm as “ greges evo- 
lutione Vigneis nobiliores .” It is to be regretted that one who 
had so closely studied the genus, should have omitted the charac¬ 
ters of his sections and groups; and his having done so only 
proves to me how the best observers, in the present state of our 
knowledge, content themselves with shadowy perceptions of truth, 
which they feel would elude them in the grasp. If however we 
are, on a more enlarged acquaintance with the genus, to trace the 
higher groups from the Psyllophorcs, as the admirable Drejer sup¬ 
poses, future observers may be enabled to connect, by intermediate 
forms, C. Dewey ana with the Sylvaticce ; but at present I know of 
no better arrangement than that of Tuckerman with respect to its 
affinities. 
70. C. Parryana (Dewey); spicis 8-4 oblongo-cylin- 
dricis gracilibus erectis contiguis purpureo-albidis, termi- 
nali mascula vel basi mascula, reliquis foemineis, infima 
exserte pedunculata, breve bracteata; stigmatibus 3 ; 
stylo exserto ; perigyniis late ovalibus vel obovatis com- 
presso-subtriquetris rostellatis, ore emarginato margini- 
busque superne ciliato-serratis, granulatis albidis pur- 
pureo-tinctis stipitatis, nervis 2 marginalibus, squamam 
late ovatam obtusam vel acutam mucronulatam purpu- 
ream, nervo pallido, margine late albo-hyalinam subse- 
quantibus.—-C. Parryana et C. arctica, Dewey, Sill, xxvii. 
239 (1835); Tor. Mon. N. Am. Cyp. 426 ; Boott, Hooker, 
FI. Bor. Am. ii. 216 {excl. syn.! et hab. cit. a Bonyard). 
(Tab. LXXI.) 
Hab. Carlton House, Am. arct., Bichcirdson (1827). 
Culmus subsesquipedalis, strictus, firmus, triqueter, granu- 
latus, inter spicas scaber, basi foliatus; pars spicas gerens Ij— 
21 poll, longa. Folia 1-1 lin. lata, culmo breviora, stricta, 
erecta, firma, linearia, carinata, apice setaceo-attenuata, scabra, 
marginibus revoluta. Bractece 1-2, angustse, scaberrimse: in¬ 
fima rarius spicam gequans, basi vagina 1-2 lin. longa prse- 
dita : secunda spicula brevior amplectens. Pedunculus infi- 
mus 3-6 lin. longus, basi ocreatus. Spicce 4-11 bn. longse, 
11 lin. latse: extretnse longiores: terminalis mascula vel 
basi vel apice et basi vel basi et versus apicem mascula: reli- 
qmc omnino foeminese, summa interdum abbreviata, infimaque 
basi attenuato-laxiflora; in uno specimine remota, longe pe¬ 
dunculata. Perigynium 1-1-ro lin. longum, Ar bn- latum. 
Achenium p- n lin. longum, -j 4 () - lin. latum, oblongo-obovatum, 
basi stvli apiculatum, insequaliter triquetrum, pallidum. 
C. arctica, Dewey, is merely in a younger state, with shorter 
culms and darker scales. Though founded mainly on the terminal 
spike being “basi mascula,” I find on reference to specimens that, 
of eight, six have the terminal spike male, while in 0. Parryana, 
Dewey, out of nine specimens, only one has a male spike. 
C. arctica, D.:— 
5 spicis 3. 6 spica terminali mascula. 
3 spicis 4. 2 spica term, basi et versus apicem mascula. 
8 8 
O. Parryana, D.:— 
4 spicis 3. 1 spica terminali mascula. 
5 spicis 4. 6 spica terminali basi mascula. 
2 spica terminali basi et apice mascula. 
9 9 
Torrey (Mon. Cyp. 426) remarks that Dewey (Sill. xxix. 252) in 
referring 0. Carltonia, Dewey, to G. stylosa, Meyer, meant to refer 
it to G. Parryana. I was induced, in Hook. FI. Bor. Am., to sus¬ 
pect G. Parryana and G. stylosa were probably the same, judging 
from the description and figure of G. stylosa as given by Meyer, of 
which I had not at that time seen a specimen. 
Tuckerman places G. Parryana in his Acutce, between G. hy- 
perborea, Dewey, and C. vulgaris, Fries ; Drejer, I think more cor¬ 
rectly, includes it in his Melananihce, with C. nigritella, Drejer, and 
C. stylosa. The difference, however, with reference to the imme¬ 
diate affinity of G. Parryana, is more apparent than real, though 
Tuckerman allies with it several species which I think, with Drejer, 
belong to separate and very distinct groups. The three stigmas, 
triquetrous achenium, the roughness of the orifice of the perigy¬ 
nium, and the vaginate bract separate G. Parryana from G. acuta 
and its allies. 
G. Carltonia, Dewey, is G. heleonastes, Lin. Suppl. 
71. C. monile (Tuckerman); spicis 4-5 rarius 3—6 
cylindricis elongatis, masculis 3 rarius 2—4, infima brac¬ 
teata, extremis longioribus, omnibus vel inferioribus in¬ 
terdum apice extremo foemineis, foemineis 2 rarius 1 re- 
motis teretibus, vel infima basi attenuato-laxiflora plus 
minus longe pedunculata nutante nunc brevi-vaginata; 
bracteis culmo longioribus; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis 
subgloboso-ovatis breve rostratis glabris bifurcatis, ore 
ssepe obliquo, inflatis 8-10-nerviis lucidis pallidis ssepe 
purpureo-tinctis vel demum flavidis, squama lanceolata 
acuminata acuta ferruginea medio pallida trinervi mar¬ 
gine albo-liyalina latioribus longioribusque.—C. monile. 
Tuck. En. Method, p. 20 [exparte'); Boott, Journ. Bot. v. 
69 ; Carey, l. c. 534 ; Dewey, xlix. p. 47 ; C. bullata ? [3, 
Tor. Mon. 422. (Tab. LXXII.) J 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Cumberland House 
to Bear Lake, Bic/iardson. Rhode Island, Olney. New 
England, Tuckerman. Ohio, Sidlivant. 
Culmus l-2Lpecl., gracilis, triqueter, acutangulus, scaber; 
pars spicas gerens 4-12 poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, 
culmo breviora. Bractece culmo longiores: infima interdum 
breve vaginata. Vagina 2-4 lin. longa. Pedunculi 4 lin. vel 
infimus nunc 11 poll, longi, glabri. Spicce masculce ssepius 3, 
alterme, interdum remotse, 1-21 poll, longse, 1-11 ha- latse. 
Spicce fmminece ssepius 2, 1J-21 poll, longse, 3 lin. latse, a se 
11-5 poll, remotse. Squamae omnes conformes, lanceolatse, 
acuminatse, acutse. Perigynium 2A,—tv lin. longum, 1-11 hn. 
latum, breve rostratum. Achenium 1-1A lin- longum, Ar hn. 
latum, triquetro-obovatum, castaneum, basi styli apiculatum. 
A C. ampullacea differt, culmo acutangulo, scabro; spicis 
foemineis, paucioribus, gracilioribus. A C. vesicaria, perigy¬ 
niis subglobosis, breve cylindrico-rostratis ; spicis gracilioribus. 
Tuckerman remarks of this species that it approaches C. vesica¬ 
ria and his G. bullata ( 0. Tuckermani, B.) appearing to be inter¬ 
mediate between them. I find, in his herbarium, specimens asso¬ 
ciated with G. monile, from Penn-Tan (the G. monile, n. 152 of 
Sartwell’s Collection), which do not agree with the original de¬ 
scription of G. monile, or with the Ohio specimens, from which 
that description was made. They approach in aspect G. vesicaria, 
hut differ from it and from G. monile in having a long cylindric 
serrated rostrum, an ohlong-ovate perigynium, with elongated, 
sharp, rough lacinise. G. monile would seem to be a northern 
plant, for all the specimens I have seen from Arctic America and 
New England have perfect achenia, while in those from Ohio it is 
often abortive. 
In twenty-nine specimens I find— 
2 with 3 spikes. 3 with 2 male. 4 with 1 female. 
13 „ 4 24 „ 3 25 „ 2 
13 „ 5 2 „ 4 
1 „ 6 
One or more of the lower male spikes—or, in one specimen, all 
three of them—are female at the apex. 
72. C. virescens (Muhlenberg); spicis 2-5 cylindricis 
gracilibus vel oblongis approximatis erectis viridibus, 
terminali pedunculata basi mascula, reliquis foemineis 
evaginatis alternis, vel superioribus congestis sessilibus 
densifloris, infima (interdum remota breve exserte pedun- 
