ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
31 
motis, suprema evaginata saepe vel binis superioribus ra- 
rius apice masculis, longe pedunculatis demum pendldis, 
inferioribus brevissime vaginalis, infima nunc subradicali 
longissime exserte pedunculata; stigmatibus 3, longis: 
perigyniis orbiculatis longe lineari-rostratis, rostro rnar- 
gine serrato, ore albo-hyalino obliquo integro vel bifido, 
pallide viridibus demum stramineis enerviis vel basi ob¬ 
solete nervatis inflatis facile deciduis, squama ovali lan- 
ceolata acuminata acuta cuspidata albo-liyalina nervo vi- 
ridi scabro latioribus longioribus vel subsequantibus.— 
C. longirostris, Tor. N. Am. Cyp. 370 (1825); Dewey, 
Sill. ix. 257 ; Kunth, Gyp. 518 ; Carey, Gray, Dot. 535; 
Sartwell, Gar. Dxs. n. 157. C. Sprengelii, Dewey, Spr. 
Syst. 827 (1826). (Tab. LXXYIII.) 
Hab. In America Boreali, in sylvis. New England 
to Michigan, Illinois, Carlton House, Richardson. Rocky 
Mountains, Drummond. 
Culmus 1-^-4-pecl., gracilis, triqueter, superne scaber, basi 
reliquiis foliorum fibratis pannosus, foliisque vaginantibus sur- 
sum vestitus; pars spicas gerens 6-8, etiam 12 poll, longa. 
Folia 11-2 lin. lata, culmo breviora, plana. Bractea infima 
foliacea, culmum saepe sequans, plerumqne vaginata: suprema 
setacea, plus minus longa, ssepe spica sua multo brevior, eva¬ 
ginata. Vaginae 1-3 lin. longae: infima spicae subradicalis in- 
terdum pollicaris. Pedunculi 3 lin. ad 5 etiam 7 pollices 
longi, setacei, scabri. Spicae mas cuke 5-15 lin. longae, 1-11 
lin. latte, contiguae, sessiles, vel infima subremota, peduncu- 
lata, setaceo-bracteata. Spicae fcemineoe 8 lin. ad 11 poll, 
longae, 3-4 lin. latae, a se 8 lin. ad 1-2 infima interdum 5-8 
poll, remotae: suprema saepe apice mascula : laxiflorae demum 
pendulae. Squamae masculce angustiores, lineares, muticae vel 
cuspidatae, albae, vel stramineae vel ferrugineae, nervo viridi, 
laxae vel imbricatae: fcemineoe ovali-lanceolatae, acuminatae, 
acutae, cuspidatae vel superiores muticae. Perigyniim 3 lin. 
longurn, 1 T \ lin. latum: rostro l-rg~-ro bn. longo, pallidiore, 
margine plus minus scabro, ore albo-hyalino demum bifido. 
Achenium l- r 2 0 lin. longurn, -/p lin. latum, obovato-triquetrum, 
faciebus superne convexis; inferne excavatis, fiavescens, basi 
styli obliqua crassiori apiculatum. 
This example of the Sylvaticcs group is found in the northern 
part of the United States. The analysis of 36 specimens I have 
examined is as follows :— 
5 had 1 male spike; in 1 female at base. 
15 „ 2 „ „ in 2 the two lower female at base. 
14 „ 3 „ „ in 1 the terminal, and in 1 all female at base. 
2 „ 4 „ „ in 1 all female at base. 
6 „ 2 female spikes; in 2 the upper male at apex. 
19 „ 3 „ „ in 11 the upper and 2 the two upper male 
at apex. 
11 „ 4 „ „ in 7 the upper and 1 the two upper male 
at apex. 
The female spikes issue from hyaline ocreae, which are visible 
in the upper ones, and in the highest the ocrea at its base has 
an evident resemblance to a perigynium; but in one of the male 
spikes, generally the middle one, the spike issues from a distinctly 
modified perigynium, which is expanded at the orifice, and bearing 
in some cases traces of stigmata. I have observed this transition 
from the ocrea to a perigynium in other species, especially in G. 
littorea, from New Holland, and in C. pumila, from Japan; the 
last I think inseparable from the first, judging from specimens 
which Ur. Asa Gray has kindly enabled me to examine lately, col¬ 
lected by Dr. Morrow, of the United States’ Expedition to Japan. 
This modification of form in the ocrea explains its nature, and 
also what I had considered as a saccate scale, so remarkable in 
many of the East Indian panicled species. 
78. C. Cherokeensis (Schweinitz); spicis 5-11 pallidis 
cylindricis, masculis 2-3 vel terminali rarius basi fceminea 
contiguis, fosmineis 3-9 remotis bracteatis, suprema ssepe 
sessili, reliquis exserte pedunculatis nutantibus simplici- 
bus vel mediis inaequalibus geminatis ternatisve, infima 
solitaria, omnibus interdum apice masculis; stigmatibus 
3, longis; perigyniis ovatis vel lanceolatis attenuato-bre- 
virostratis, ore hyalino-albo integro oblique fisso demum 
rupto, inflatis obsolete nervatis glabris vel superne ad 
margines parce dentatis pallide stramineis membranaceis, 
squama lanceolata acuminata acuta vel hispido-cuspidata 
pallida concolori latioribus longioribus.—C. Cberokeen- 
sis, Schw. An. tab.; Schw. et 'Tor. Mon. 369. t. 25. f. 
1; Tor. Mon. 422 {excl. syn. Mwhl. n. 46, C. Davisii, 
Tor.)-, Dewey, Sill. Journ. xi. 160; Drejer, Symb. 25. t. 
12; Sartwell, Car. Rxsic. n. 122. C. recurva, MM. 
Descr. n. 55 {fide Deivey). C. Cliristyana, Boott, Dost. 
Journ. \.p. 5. (Tab. LXXIX.) 
Hab. In America Boreali et California. Louisiana, 
Hale. Alabama, Bucldey. Texas, Drummond. Santa 
Rosa Creek, California, Thurber, n. 20. 
Culmus 1-2^-ped., validus, he vis, inter spicas scaber, apice 
gracilis, basi foliatus, foliis vaginantibus vestitus; pars spicas 
gerens 8-14 poll, longa. Folia plana, 11—2 lin. lata, cnlmo 
breviora vel aequantia. Bracteae foliaceae, vaginatae: infima 
interdum culmum sequans : summa setacea. Vaginae inferiores 
1-14 poll, longae. Ligula brevis, ferruginea. Pedunculi in¬ 
feriores 2-3 poll, longi, setacei, scabri. Spicae masculce 8-20 
lin . longae, 1-1 lin. latae, extremae longiores pedunculatae, vel 
omnes sessiles: infima bracteata: terminalis rarius basi foe- 
minea. Spicae fcemineoe 6-20 lin. longae, 3-4 lin. latae: su¬ 
prema saepe rarius omnes apice plus minus masculae: omnes 
simplices, vel mediae saepe geminatae ternataeque : infima soli¬ 
taria. Squamae pallidae, concolores : masculae obtusae, muticae : 
foemineae lanceolatae, acuminatae, acutae, muticae, vel inferiores 
plus minus longe cuspidatae, rarius emarginatae. Perigynium 
2 1 A~tct flu. longurn, -A—1 lin. latum, ovatum, magis turgidum : 
vel lanceolatum, attenuato-rostratum; rostro plus minus longo, 
interdum fere omnino albo-hyalino ; ore integro, oblique fisso, 
facile rupto; membranaceum, saepe sub lente punctis pallide 
ferrugineis maculatum, glabrum vel superne ad unum vel alte- 
rum marginem parce dentatum, nervis concoloribus ineonspi- 
cuis. Achenium (cum stipite Ar tin. longo) lineam longurn, 
Ar lin. latum, orbiculato-trigonum, angulis obtusis pallidis, fa¬ 
ciebus ferrugineis concaviusculis punctulatum, basi styli aequali 
apiculatum. 
Drejer takes no notice of the fascicled spikes, though one of his 
specimens figured in his ‘ Symbols’ has the upper female one ge¬ 
minate. ITe describes the orifice of the perigynium, in his specific 
character, as “ bilobo ,” and in his description as “ obliquim, antice 
profundius fissumP His admirable figure is in accordance. The 
orifice normally is entire and oblique, but easily ruptured. The 
perigynium figured Tab. LXXIX. is one of the lanceolate and less 
turgid form. The nerves are too distinct, and the emargination 
of the female scale is not typical. 
My acquaintance with this species at the time I described 
Drummond’s specimen from Texas, under the name of G. Christy- 
ana, was limited to the excellent figure and description of Dr. 
Torrey, in his monograph, and I was misled by the compound in¬ 
florescence, especially of the Texan plant, which had not been 
noticed by any one. The specimen of Thurber, from California, is 
young, but does not differ in the form of the spikes from Torrey’s 
figure. 
The analysis of the specimens I have seen of O. Cherolceensis is 
as follows:— 
