48 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
CXXVI. the left-hand specimen, No. 1, with the separate spike 
over it, are from Sweden, the others from New York. In Tab. 
CXXY. the specimens figured were from Arctic America, brought 
by Sir John Richardson. 
116. C. loliacea (L.); spica oblonga pallida, e spiculis 
3-4 androgynis basi masculis subremotis composita, su- 
prema basi attenuata, reliquis subglobosis, infima breve 
setaceo-bracteata; i stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis ellipticis 
erostratis utrinque obtusis vel substipitatis, ore integro 
antice secto, plano-convexiusculis valide nervatis pallidis, 
squama ovata obtusa mutica albo-hyalina medio viridi 
duplo longioribus.—C. loliacea, L. FI. Suec. {ed. 2) 827. 
n. 840 (1755); Wahl. Act. Holm. 147; Willd. 237 
{excl. C. tenella, Sell) ; Kunth, 405 {excl. C. tenella et 
gracilis. Sc/d.); Reichenbach, Icon. ix. t. 214; Anderson, 
Gyp. Scand. 59. t. 4 ./. 34; Lang. Car. Ger. et Scand. 
62 ; Koch, Syn. n. 41; Hop. et St. Car. Ger. t. 29 : 
{non Sc/d. f. 91, nec Schreb., nec ThuilL, quce C. muri- 
cata, I., var.; non Dewey, Sill. xi. 306; non Tor. et 
Schw. 311, nec Tor. Mon. 391.) C. gracilis, Ehrh. Cal. 
n. 78 : (non Gray, Sill. iv. 19, nec Carey, l. c. 543. 
ed. 1.) C. Sibirica, Willd. Herb.; Sprengel, Syst. 809; 
Kunth, 406 ; Ledebour, FI. Alt. iv. 205. (Tab. CXXYII.) 
Hab. In Europa boreali, Germania, et Sibiria. In 
Suecia, Norvegia, Lapponia, Lin., Anderson, etc. In 
Germania, Reichenbach. In pratis siccis ad Obum fluv., 
Fallas, in Herb. Willd. “ C. Sibirica,” W. 
Radix stolonifera. Culmus 1-14-ped., gracilis, superne 
nudus, scaber. Folia plana, J-l lin. lata, culmo breviora. 
Bractea infima setacea, ssepe spicula duplo longior, vel ea bre- 
vior. Spica 6-14 lin. longa, 2 lin. lata. Spiculae 3-4 alter- 
nse, suprema basi attenuato-mascnla ; flosculis foemineis pluri- 
bus (ssepe 6-8) prsedita: reliquse subrotundse, flosculis mascu¬ 
lis paucioribus. Squamae conformes. Perigynium 1-f-q lin. 
longum, t 6 o lin. latum, ellipticum, apice obtusum, rotundatum, 
vel rarius subacutum ; ore integro vel antice secto ; compres- 
sum, plano-convexiusculum, valide nervatum, nervis concolo- 
ribus, pallidum, demum ferrugineum, sub lente tenuissime 
granulatum, glabrum, basi productum. Achenium -*4 lin. lon¬ 
gum, 4 lin. latum, ovale, utrinque obtusum, plano-convexius¬ 
culum. Stigmata brevia. 
I have never seen this species from America. The apex of the 
perigynium is occasionally subacute. 
Linnaeus describes the spicidae as 4-8. I have never seen more 
than 4. The O. Sibirica of Willdenow’s Herb., first noticed, I be¬ 
lieve, by Sprengel (who, from quoting the G. tenella and G.gracilis 
of Schk. as synonyms to C. loliacea, evidently had no distinct 
idea of the plant of Linnaeus), is in no respect different from G. lo¬ 
liacea, L. I have seen the specimens of Pallas, who had named 
them “Panicum? pauciflorum.” Ledebour inserts the G. Sibirica 
in his El. Altaica on the authority of Sprengel, but adds, “Nobis 
non obvia fuit.” I am not aware of any one finding it in Siberia 
since Pallas. Reichenbach says G. loliacea has been found “ in 
turfosis inter alnos,” in Westphalia. 
117. C. triceps (Micliaux); spicis 2-4 oblongis conti- 
guis sessilibus erectis densifloris olivaceis, terminali basi 
mascula, reliquis foemineis evaginatis vel infima ssepe lon- 
giori remota exserte pedunculata; bracteis culmo longi¬ 
oribus ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis late ovalibus vel obo- 
vatis compresso-triquetris obtusis erostratis, ore emar- 
ginato, nervosis granulatis demum ferrugineo-punctatis 
glabris olivaceis, squama ovata plus minus cuspidata 
acuta vel obtusa alba nervo viridi latioribus longioribus 
vel brevioribus ; culmo foliis vaginisque liirsutis.—C. tri¬ 
ceps, Mich. ii. 170; Elliott, ii. 538; Carey, l. c. 523; 
Kunth, Gyp. 430 {excl. C. viridula, Mich) ; Darlington, 
349. C. hirsuta, Willd. iv. 252; Schk./. 172, w.w. w.; 
LLunih, 430 ; Elliott, ii. 538; Muhl. 234; Schw. et Tor. 
322 ; Tor. Mon. 408 ; Dewey, Sill. ix. 260, et xi. 315 ; 
Sartwell, Exs. n. 89. C. viridula, Schw. et Tor. 320 
{non Mich) ; Dewey, l.c. xi. 153. C. complanata, Tor. 
Mon. 408. (Tab. CXXVIII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. Canada ( Torrey ) to 
Texas. 
Csespitosa. Culmus 1-11-ped., acute triqueter, gracilis, 
rigidus, apice scaber, sparsimque hirsutus, basi rudimeutis 
foliorum purpureis vaginisque liirsutis tectus, sursum foliis 
vaginantibus vestitus; pars spicas gerens 1-24 poll, longa. 
Folia 1-2 lin. lata : superiora culmo longiora, rigida, hirsuta, 
vaginis lanuginosis vel folia fere omnino glabra; vaginis pu- 
bescentibus. Bradeae 4-1 lin. latte, culmo ssepe duplo-triplo 
longiores, evaginatse, vel infima 1-3 poll, remota, ssepe sterilis, 
vaginata. Vagina 8 lin. longa, vel brevior. Spicae 3-9 lin. 
longa;, 2-3 lin. latse, omnes sessiles, contiguse, vel infima ssepe 
longior, 1-3 poll, remota, breve exserte pedunculata. Squamae 
albse, medio virides ; masculse lanceolatse, acutse : foeminese 
ovatse, acutse vel obtusse, plus minus longse cuspidatse : inter- 
dum spicis floriferis aspectum squarrosum ob longitudinem 
cuspidis prsebentes. Perigynium 1 T 2 „-A, lin. longum, T 8 - 0 —i ! b 
lin. latum, glabrum, vel (sub lente) quasi pulverulento-sca- 
briusculum, nunquam vere pubescens: ore integro, setulis 
paucis obsito : vel emarginato, glabro, pallidiori: plerumque 
obtusissimum, vel abrupte minime rostellatum, granulatum, 
demum ssepe ferrugineo-punctatum: nervosum. Achenium 
lineam longum, T 6 lT lin. latum, ovale, triquetrum, flavidum, 
basi styli curvata apiculatum. 
A C. virescenti, Muhl., spicis olivaceis, crassioribus, sessili¬ 
bus, magis approximatis; culmo hirsuto ; vaginis lanuginosis; 
perigyniis majoribus, glabris vel scabriusculis, nusquam pubes- 
centibus, abunde differt. 
Micliaux and Elliott having described the southern plant with 
smooth leaves, though Elliott notices their being pubescent near 
the sheaths, their G. triceps was for a longtime considered obscure, 
and Willdenow’s name of O. hirsuta suiting the more familiar 
aspect of the plant, prevailed. The difficulty in Elliott’s case was 
increased, as he had described G. hirsuta in his 1 Elora,’ probably 
from the only specimen, which Mr. Curtis informs me is in 
Elliott’s herbarium, sent to him by Muhlenberg. The species 
was inserted by Elliott in his ‘ Elora ’ on the authority of Dr. 
Baldwin, whose specimens, with “leaves somewhat hairy,” were 
found in Georgia. The specimens I have from Texas and the Caro- 
linas are in no respect different from the northern plant, except in 
the smoothness of the leaves, and comparatively smooth sheaths. 
As to what has been described as pubescence on the young peri- 
gynia, I find it quite as perceptible in their mature state, nor does 
it seem to me to resemble pubescence. In some specimens the 
female scale has a long cuspidate point, giving quite a squarrose 
appearance to the spike, and it was this form which Schw. and Tor. 
supposed to be the G. viridula of Michaux, a plant erroneously 
said by Michaux to be allied to G. triceps , with which it has no 
affinity whatever, being a dwarfed state of one of the several forms 
of G. CEderi, as that very doubtful species is regarded by some 
authors. 
118. C. lanuginosa (Michaux); spicis ssepius 4 vel 
3-5 rarius 6 erectis purpureis demum pallidis, masculis 
Sfjepius 2 vel 1-3 rarius 4 contiguis, uua vel altera in- 
terdum apice fceminea, cylindricis, foemineis stepius 2 
vel 1-3 rarius 4 oblongis vel cylindricis remotis, sessili¬ 
bus evaginatis vel infima plus minus vaginata, rarius 
