58 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
sum, inflatum, rostratum, bifurcatum, laciniis ssepe basi loba- 
tis, crebre nervosum, undique pubescenti-scabris, vel superne 
solum scabris; basi glabrum : coriaceum. Achenium I-*,, lin. 
longum, lin. latum, stipitatum, late obovatum, trigonum, 
castaneum, basi styli aequali abrupte apiculatum. 
A C. Houghtonio differt, culmo altiori; foliis bracteisque 
involutis, multum longioribus; ligula elongata; spicis foemi- 
neis 1-2, nunquam pluribus, basi attenuatis, distantibus; peri¬ 
gyniis magis molliter pubescenti-scabris; laciniis lobatis, oli- 
vaceis, demum pallidis ; squamis foemineis ssepe muticis, inter- 
dum emarginatis, masculis semper muticis nec ciliatis. 
Yar. [3 ■ bracteis ssepe culmum subsequantibns, foliis- 
que planis; perigyniis interdum omnino glabris, saepe 
minus alte bicuspidatis; squamis plerumque muticis, 
magis coloratis. 
This species is generally referred in the States to G. polymorpha, 
Muhlenberg, but as that plant is admitted to have included the G. 
Halseyanci of Dewey, I have affixed the name of Muhlenberg to 
it. His variety n. 2 I have no doubt is referable to it. What 
n. 1 and 3 may prove to be, I know not, but neither apply to C. 
striata; I have not therefore quoted Muhlenberg for this species. 
I have the authority of Michaux’ herbarium, which I examined in 
1850, for referring the Florida plant to his G. striata. Dewey and 
Elliott quote G. striata under C. lanuginosa , Mich. ( G. pellita , 
Muhl.), and Torrey, in his Mon., quotes it under G. filiformis. I 
suspect the G. lullata of Elliott is C. striata, that form which Chap¬ 
man has sent from Florida, with the roughness limited to the 
upper part of the perigynium. G. lullata, Sehk., has not been 
found south of Pennsylvania. 
The New Jersey plant of Greene and Emieskern, though it has 
developed leaves, always a smoother perigynium, and shorter 
bracts, is essentially the same as the southern plant. It will be 
found to vary in all these particulars. The species in fact varies 
much in the breadth, degree of involution of the leaves, in more or 
less diffused roughness of the perigynium, the greater or less bi¬ 
furcation of its orifice, the length or entire absence of the mucro 
on the female scales, the breadth, and greater or less denseness 
of the female spikes. These are invariably one or two. Lesque- 
reux has found one or two specimens in Ohio with loose cylindric 
spikes and long linear cuspidate scales, which I suspect are refer¬ 
able to G. striata. 
The affinity between G. striata and G. Houghionii is very close, 
but I think they are distinct. In the Florida specimens of Chap- 
3 with 2 male. 15 with 1 female. 
21 „ 3 13 „ 2 
4 „ 4 
28 28 
In eighteen, one or more of the lower male spikes are abortive. 
In eight, the lower female is from two to twelve inches remote, 
evaginate or vaginate, the vagina l-2f inches long. 
In the New Jersey plant I find— 
2 with 2 spikes. 1 with 1 male. 9 with 1 female. 
16 „ 4 9 „ 2 15 „ 2 
6 „ 5 14 „ 3 
In seven, one or more of the lower male spikes are abortive. 
In two, the upper female is male at top. 
In seven, the lower female is from one to eight inches remote, 
evaginate or vaginate, the vagina f -14 inches long. 
In Tab. CLI. a perigynium of G. Soughtonii is figured, to show 
the difference in the orifice and hairiness between it and those of 
G. striata. 
142. C. trichocarpa (Muhlenberg) ; spicis 6-7 rarius 
5-8 vel etiam 12 cylindricis erectis, masculis 3-5 etiam 
rarius 9 gracilibus alternis sessilibus, vel superioribus 
congestis, infimis 1-2 remotis bracteatis plus minus 
man I find— 
1 with 3 spikes. 
12 „ 4 
14 „ 5 
1 „ 6 
28 
longe pedunculatis, ferrugineis, reliquis 2-8 rarius 4 foe¬ 
mineis subcrassis alternis pallidis, superioribus sessilibus 
evaginatis, infima remota basi attenuato-laxiflora exserte 
pedunculata; bracteis culmo longioribus vaginisque gla¬ 
bris ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovatis vel ovato-lanceo- 
latis sensim plus minus longe rostratis alte bicuspidatis, 
laciniis lanceolatis margine membranaceis scabris, crebre 
nervosis pubescentibus, squama ovata acuta mutica vel 
plus minus longe aristata ferruginea medio pallida ner- 
vata carina saepe scabra longioribus vel rarius (arista) 
brevioribus.—C. trichocarpa, Muhl. 257 ; Carey, 530 ; 
Willd. iv. 302 ; Sc Id. f. 148. n. n. n. ; Kunth, 484 ; 
Dewey, Sill. vii. 274, xi. 158; Schw. et Tor. 362 ; Sari- 
well, Exs. n. 133. C. striata, Carey, etl. 1. 561. (Tab. 
CLII.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali. New England to 
Michigan, Carey. Canada to Georgia, Torrey. 
Culmus 2-3-ped., triqueter, validus, rigidus, lacvis, apice 
gracilis, scaberrimus, basi rudimentis foliorum purpureis vagi- 
liisque reticulato-fissis foliisque vaginantibus vestitus ; pars 
spicas gerens 8-14 poll, longa. Folia 1-3 lin. lata, culmo 
longiora, vel breviora, superne marginibus carinaque seaberri- 
ma. Bractece fobis similes, culmo longiores, omnes vel infima 
solum plus minus vaginate, basi supra scabrse, ssepe transver- 
sim corrugate. Vagina! glabrse, 2-8 rarius 16 lin. longse. 
Ligula purpurea, integra, concava, amplectens. Pedunculus 
infimus 1-2 poll, longus, superne scaber. Spiers masculce sse- 
pius 4 vel 5, rarius 3 vel interdum 2, vel 9, graciles, ferrugi- 
nese, demum castanese, 4-18 lin. longse, l-lf lin. latte • infima 
(vel inferiores 2) ssepe remota, pedunculata, bracteata: rarius 
apice feeminese. Spices fcsminecs ssepius 2 vel 3, rarius 4, 16 
lin. ad 21 poll, longse, 4-6 lin. latse, a se 11-3, vel infima 7 poll, 
remote, omnes subdensiflorge, vel basi attenuate, laxifiorte; 
sessiles, vel inferiores plus minus longe exserte pedunculate, 
una vel altera rarius basi composita : suprema rarius apice 
mascula. Squamce masculae inferiores obtusse, muticse, nervo 
infra apicem albo-hyalinum, ciliatum, evanescente ■, superiores 
acute, cuspidate : foeminese inferiores interdum ovate, acute, 
muticse; superiores vel omnes plus minus aristate. Perigy¬ 
nium 3-3-f, lin. longum, 1-1-3,, fin. latum, ovatum, vel ovato- 
lanceolatum, plus minus longe rostratum (rostro 1-2 lin. Ion- 
go), pubescens, alte bicuspidatum, lacinise scabrse, basi ad 
margines membranacese. Achenium 1 lin. longum, -ft- lin. 
latum, obovatum, triquetrum, pallidum, basi styli apiculatum. 
Var. /3; perigyniis glabris, rostro ad margines laci- 
niisque scabris ; vaginis scabris. 
Hab. Red River, Douglas, n. 257. Pen-Yan, Sa/ri- 
well. 
In 29 specimens I find— 
4 with 5 spikes. 1 with 2 male. 18 with 2 female. 
11 „ 6 5 „ 3 9 „ 3 
9 „ 7 14 „ 4 2 „ 4 
4 „ 8 8 „ 5 
1 „ 12 1 „ 9 
In only one specimen the two lower of three males were female 
at top. 
A C. aristata, Br., differt, foliis vaginisque glabris; bracteis 
basi supra scabris; perigyniis pubescentibus; laciniis margine 
basi membranaceis, scabris; squamis masculis inferioribus 
muticis, ciliatis; foemineis ssepe muticis. 
I have referred the var. /3 to G. trichocarpa from its male scales 
and the lacinim of the perigynium agreeing with it, rather than 
with G. aristata. The roughness of the vaginas shows no ten¬ 
dency to hairiness. 
