70 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
perigynio conforme, l- 7 6 - lin. longum, lin. latum, ellipticum, 
triquetrum, fuscum, angulis palliclioribus, punctulatum. 
Affinis C. Boryana, Schk. Differt spicis apice parce mas- 
culis, magis laxifloris, incluse pedunculatis ; squamis feemineis 
acuminatis, acutis; perigyniis obovatis nec lanceolatis, ache- 
nio elliptico conformibus, nec subinflatis; bracteis breviori- 
bus. 
This species, like G. Boryana, has simple or compound spikes, 
and may on future investigation perhaps be found to be insepa¬ 
rable from that species. The specimen figured was sent to me 
from Madeira by Mr. Lowe, differing from his description, “ spicis 
basi compositis ramosis,” in having simple spikes. The same va¬ 
riation is observable in the allied <7. sylvatica of Europe. I have 
never seen 0. Boryana reduced from its typical form (Schk. fig. 
191) to simple spikes, with any so long and lax as in G. elata. 
They are generally too erect. 
178. C. psyehrophila (Nees) ; spicis 4-8 rarius 5-6 
oblongis contiguis purpureo-flaviclis, terminali basi (ra¬ 
rius omnino) mascula sessili, reliquis foemineis, inferiori- 
bus pedunculatis deniurn cernuis bracteatis evaginatis, 
infima saspe subremota; stigrnatibus 3 ; perigyniis ova- 
libus cylinclrico-rostratis, ore obliquo bidentato, obtuse 
triquetris flayidis ssepe rostro (i medio atro-purpureo ) mar- 
gine serrato, tuberculato-asperulis, 5-7-nervatis, squama 
ovata acuminata acuta vel hispido-cuspiclata atro-purpu- 
rea nervo pallidiori longioribus.—C. psyehrophila, Nees, 
Wight, Contr. p. 127 ; Kunth, 463. C. asperula, Nees, 
l.c. 124 ( non Turcz.)-, Kunth, 433. (Tab. CXCI.) 
Hab. In Himalaya temperata tota, alt. 6-12,000 ped. 
Kadarkanta, Hoyle, n. 113. Choor, Hoyle, n. Ill, 112. 
Kishingunga Valley, Strachey et Winterhottom. Sikkim, 
J. 1). Hooker. Marri, Fleming. 
Csespitosa. Culmus 1-2-ped., gracilis, acute triqueter, sca- 
ber, basi fohatus, rudimentisque foliorum pm’pureis, albo-ner- 
vatis, reticulato-fissis, vaginisque longis membranaceis (sub 
lente) ferrugineo-maculatis, tectus; pars spicas gerens l|-3 
poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo longiora vel aequantia, 
fusco-viridia. Bractea infima angusta, spica sua longior vel 
culmum gequans : una, sgepe sterilis, nunc infra spicas sub- 
pollicem remota: omnes evaginate. Auricula purpurese. 
Pedunculus infimus 5-12 lin. longus, setaceus, scaber. Spica 
8-12 lin. longse, 3-4 lin. latse : suprema plerumque basi mas¬ 
cula : infima ssepe basi attenuata, nunc 1-11 poll, remota, cer- 
nua ; in uno specimine subradicalis, longe pedunculata. Squa¬ 
ma masculse lanceolate, colore dilutiores: omnes acute vel 
cuspid atm. Perigynium l- 8 ?r bn. longum, T ®r lin. latum. 
Achenium lin. longum, yf lin. latum, obovato-triquetrum, 
inaequaliter obtuse triquetrum, basi faciebus concaviusculis, 
pallidum, basi styb obliqua abrupte apiculatum. 
I find in 110 specimens of this species— 
34 with 3 spikes. 24 with terminal spike male. 
G6 „ 4 86 .with terminal spike male at base. 
8 „ 5 
2 „ 6 
110 110 
In 106 the lower spikes were female. 
In one the upper female was male at base, and in three the two 
upper ones. 
In three the lower spike was compound at base. 
In one the lowest spike was subradical. 
Nees founded this species on Royle’s specimens, n. 113, of 
which I have seen ten, and in only one of which the terminal spike 
was male. His O. asperula was founded on Royle n. Ill, all 
of which that I have seen were young, but unquestionably the 
same species. I should have adopted this last name had it not 
been given by Turczaninoff to another species. The affinity to 
C. frigida, alluded to by Nees under C. psyehrophila, is the true 
one. 
179. C. obseura (Nees); spicis 3-8 oblongis vel cy- 
lindraceis atro-purpureis concoloribus contiguis densi- 
floris erectis, terminali basi rarius omnino mascula sessili, 
reliquis feemineis evaginatis, superioribus arete congestis, 
inferioribus plus minus longe pedunculatis bracteatis, 
infima ssepe subremota; stigrnatibus 3 ; perigyniis ova- 
libus trigonis rostellatis, ore emarginato, superne subinde 
scabris marginibus dentatis nervatis, flavidis apice pur- 
pureis granulatis squama ovata obtusa vel apiculata rarius 
mucronata sequilata concolori longioribus vel sequantibus. 
—C. obseura, Nees, Wight, Contr. 126; Kunth, 515. 
(Tab. CXCII.) 
Hab. In Himalaya temperata. Kumaon, Hoyle, n. 
112, 118 !, alt. 10-11,000 ped. Ralum River, 10,500 
ped., Strachey et Winterhottom ! Kunawur, Jacquemont, 
n. 476 ! Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ped., J. JD. Hooker. 
Culmus 1-3-ped., triqueter, scaber, validus, stricte erectus, 
basi foliatus; pars spicas gerens 1-3 poll, longa. Folia 11-2 
lin. lata, culmo breviora vel longiora. Bractea evaginate : 
infima ssepe subfoliacea, culmo longior vel subsequans : altera 
(sterilis) ssepe infra spicas 1^-2 poll, remota, culmo longior. 
Auricula rotundate, atro-purpurae. Pedunculus infimus 
3- 12 lin. longus, scaber. Spica 6-15 lin. longfc, 2 lin. late, 
concolores, omnes congeste: vel infima 1-2 poll, remota, in 
uno specimine basi composita. Squama conformes, apice 
(sub lente) ciliolate. Perigynium l-fio—ro lm- longum, J lin. 
latum, superne subinde scabrum, marginibus dentatis, apice 
tenuiter granulatum, leviter nervatum, nervis interdum incon- 
spicuis; ore emarginato, demum truncato. Achenium -s,—! 
lin. longum, \ lin. latum, triquetro-ovale, fuscum, punctula¬ 
tum. 
The affinity of this species is with G. alpina, Yahl, and not, as 
Nees supposed, with G. alopecuroides, Don, and C. punctata, Nees 
(■ G. notha, Kunth). It is very closely allied to C. infuscata, Nees, 
itself perhaps inseparable from G. alpina, differing from it in its 
more numerous cylindrical spikes, rostellate perigynium, elongated, 
stout, rigidly erect culm, and broader leaves. Nees quotes Royle, 
n. 118 under his C. infuscata, but my specimen under that num¬ 
ber belongs to G. olscura. 
180. C. ustulata (Wahl., var. y, Ledebour); spicis 
4- 6 cinnamomeis vel fusco-brunneis, terminali mascula 
vel basi vel apice et basi mascula, reliquis feemineis ova- 
libus pedunculatis nutantibus, inferioribus vaginatis, in¬ 
fima subinde basi composita subremota; bracteis bra- 
chypbyllis ; stigrnatibus 3 ; perigyniis late ovalibus ob- 
tusis abrupte rostellatis, vel ellipticis sensim rostellatis, 
ore albido emarginato bidentato, superne marginibus 
bispidulis, cinnamomeis vel brunneis, inferne pallidis 
tenuissimis compressis, squama oblongo-ovata vel ellip- 
tica vel lanceolata acuminata acuta vel obtusa bis-triplo 
latioribus longioribusque.—C. ustulata, Wahl., y, Lede¬ 
bour, FI. Altaica, 232. C. coriophora, Fisher; Kunth, 
463. (Tab. CXCIII. Rig. 1, 2.) 
Hab. In Dahuria, mont. Altaicis, etc. 
Radix fibrosa; fibris flavidis. Culmus 12-21-poll., validus, 
obtusangulus, lsevis, superne nudus; pars spicas gerens 2—3 
poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, 3-4 poll, longa. Bractea in- 
feriores vaginatm, breves, 1-1 poll, longse : suprema squamse- 
formis: rarius altera sterilis longior e spicis 3 poll, remota. 
