1921 .] Breeding Birds of Crete* 133 
Turdus rnerula subsp. ? 
Only one bird, an adult male, obtained. Wing 113 and 
culmen 25 mm. This is smaller than any other adult male 
I have examined from Europe, and from what I saw of 
the Blackbird in Crete, they all seemed uncommonly small. 
It seems likely that this is a new insular race, but a larger 
series are necessary before it can be named. A pair of live 
birds were brought to Egypt, where they are doing well in 
the Giza Zoological Gardens. 
The Blackbird occurs throughout the country, but is very 
shy and difficult to obtain. Trevor-Battye (f Camping in 
Crete ’) thought the hill bird smaller than the plain bird, but 
I did not notice this difference. 
Cretan name 44 kotsifos.” 
Monticola solitarius solitarius (L.). 
A female obtained belongs to the western race. 
Occurs as a breeding species in all suitable country from 
sea-level up to 6000 feet. 
Cretan name 44 petro kotsifos.” 
(Enanthe cenanthe virago Meinertz. 
CEnanthe oe. virago Meinertzhagen, Bull. B. 0. C. xli. 
1920, p. 20 : Mount Ida. 
Adult male with a more silvery mantle and larger culmen 
than in the typical race. Adult female closely resembling 
the male and not brown. Juvenile plumage tinged with 
grey, whereas there is no grey in the young of the other 
races. 
A common breeding bird on Mount Ida above about 
4000 feet and ascending to the summit of Ida at 8200 feet. 
Fully-fledged young are about by the end of June. 
These birds appeared to be equally at home in the Ilex 
forest, on the wind-swept slopes of Ida or among the snow 
drifts, perching with equal ease on tree or rock. 
Mr. Witherby kindly lent me five birds from Suda Bay 
obtained by Capt. Lynes in March and early April. The four 
males have wings varying from 93 to 98 and culmens from 
17’5 to 19 mm. One has a broad white forehead, two have 
