161 
1921 .] Recently published Ornithological Works. 
to these Dr. Laubmann has added four more, two of which 
(A. a. corsicana and A. a. formosana from Corsica and 
Formosa respectively) are new. In addition, some five 
intermediate races are separately listed which have to be 
designated by no fewer than five names, i. e. Alcedo atthis 
at this atthis ispida , an intermediate race between that of 
northern Europe and Corsica which occurs in northern 
Italy. 
We fear Dr. Laubmann’s quadrinomial system is too 
heavy a burden for the already harassed ornithologist 
to carry, and we shall be interested to see whether it is 
adopted, even among the more advanced systematists. 
The paper contains a good historical review of the King¬ 
fisher’s systematic history, and paragraphs on individual and 
geographical variation and on the phylogeny of the group. 
Lonnberg on the Birds of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands. 
[The Birds of the .Tuan Fernandez Islands and Notes on Birds from 
Easter Island. By Prof. Dr. Einar Lonnberg'. Extracted from ‘The 
Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island,’ edited by 
Dr. Carl Skottsberg. Vol. iii. : pp. 1-24 (separately paged).] 
This is an account of the birds collected during the 
Swedish Pacific Expedition in 1916-17 under the direction 
of Dr. Carl Skottsberg. Mr. Kare Backstrom was the 
zoologist of the expedition, and has furnished some interesting- 
notes and observations on the birds obtained. 
The Juan Fernandez Islands are two in number—Masa- 
tierra and Masafuera, the former being the island always 
associated with Defoe’s e Uobinson Crusoe.’ They are 
over 100 miles apart, and lie in the southern Pacific, some 
400 miles from the coast of Chile. There are eight species of 
indigenous land-birds out of a total bird population of about 
30 species. These are all listed by Dr. Lonnberg with some 
interesting comments on their status and habits. Cinclodes 
oustaleti baeckstroemii and Pterodroma cooki masafuerce 
are described as new, and a photograph of the nest of the 
indigenous and peculiar Humming-bird (Eusteph anus fer nan- 
densis) taken by Dr. Skottsberg is reproduced. 
SRR. XI,-VOL HI- 
M 
