193 
1921.] Birds of Macedonia. 
strange union are rather hard to divine. One thing is 
certain, however, and that is the Storks must have been 
indebted to the Jackdaws for one thing, because the latter 
birds were constantly bringing sticks and re-arranging the 
twigs about their own nest. Storks do but little nest¬ 
building on their own account, and the Jackdaws’ efforts 
undoubtedly made the home of this particular pair more sub¬ 
stantial, as it was in a precarious state after weathering the 
previous winter. When both Storks were away from home, 
and then only, the Jackdaws would sit on the edge of the cup- 
like mass, i. e ., in the larger birds’ domain. Some interesting 
possibilities presented themselves, but I never got any 
further into the matter. The Jackdaws surely had to 
'restrain themselves where the Stork’s eggs were concerned ; 
but then, again, supposing this difficulty to have been over¬ 
come, I should imagine that the Storks would have found 
newly hatched Jackdaws a nice change from frogs. I 
noticed the act of mating on 29 March. Eggs 23 May. 
Newly hatched young at the latter end of April and 23 May. 
Young were being fed in the nest at the beginning of June. 
A bird of the year was flying on 1 June, and several broods 
flying about in the neighbourhood of their home by the end 
of the month. By the 1st of September flocks of sixty or more 
birds were common, and these had already associated them¬ 
selves with their companions for the corning winter—the 
Hooded Crows. 
A battle that took place at noon on a sunny day in 
February seems fairly typical of the methods adopted by 
this species when fighting. One bird was lying on its back 
on the ground with its beak directed at its opponent’s head. 
It fought primarily with its feet, which were entangled in 
the feathers of the abdomen of the uppermost bird. The 
second bird stood bodily on the under bird, and balancing 
itself on out-stretched wings, it repeatedly pecked at its- 
opponent’s head. These two birds fought in a methodical 
manner. They wrestled for a few moments and then, as if 
by mutual agreement, separated and flew up to a low bouoh 
hanging over the chosen arena. On this occasion there were 
five distinct “ rounds.” The same bird was undermost each 
