215 
1921 .] Birds of Macedonia. 
accentuated and sometimes raised’ in tone, the Hoopoe’s notes 
are quite uniform. The double or triple note—or perhaps 
bar is the best word to use—is repeated a varying number of 
times. There may be a short a song ” of only a dozen or 
even less bars, and these may be all of the triple or double 
kind. In a spirited bird the song is long, and the bird may 
be said to “ coo 53 continuously for ten minutes or so. At 
first I was inclined to think that there was some method or 
significance in the use of the double or triple call, but a mass 
of statistics—if I may use the word--compiled later, gave 
poor results. For instance, a song of 62 bars included 
8 triples, another of 69 included 12 triples, another of 145 
bars included 99 triples and these scattered spasmodically 
through the song. Some charts I prepared showed little 
except that the triple bar is more constantly used by some 
individuals than by others. A pair of Hoopoes love making 
at Arachli made quite a different noise. They were fluttering 
about like gaudy butterflies on the edge of a small clearing. 
The male chased his mate from tree to tree. Both birds 
were very active, their tails spread and their crests mobile. 
During their gambols a succession of low harsh notes were 
heard. 
Alcedo ispida. Kingfisher. 
Seen commonly during the winter. According to Major 
Sladen it breeds near Hirsova. 
Coracias gar ruins. Roller. 
Common in the summer. Seen 17 April. Its marked 
characters are the hoarse voice,erratic flight,and quarrelsome 
disposition. The outstanding feature with regard to its 
pugnacity was the antipathy shown towards the Jackdaws. 
Early arrivals in the spring were mobbed incessantly by 
smaller birds, and it was interesting to note the long 
processions of Starlings and Sparrows moving from tree to 
tree in the wake of a Roller. Quite a feud existed between 
tfie Rollers and Jackdaws wherever the two species were 
found together. The Roller is very active and fierce in the 
chase, and its clamour is even great enough to overwhelm 
