221 
1921.] Birds of Macedonia. 
number of Ravens and Egyptian Vultures ; but even on this 
occasion the Griffons remained well above the other birds 
present—circling round on practically motionless wings. 
Looking at them from my dug-out, high up on the adjoining- 
hillside, it appeared to me that their light colour was their 
best distinguishing mark. 
Vultur monachus. Black Vulture. 
Probably more common than my few clear cases of 
identification would suggest—as most of the larger Vultures 
seen were very dark. • 
Phalacrocorax carbo. Cormorant. 
Seen in January on the Struma. One shot. 
Phalacrocorax pygmseus. Pygmy Cormorant. 
Often seen in winter. One frequented the stream near 
Ormanli throughout February. This stream was shallow, and 
for the most part overgrown with vegetation. The Cormorant 
was very persistent in its habits, but very shy. It would take 
flight whenever there was a suspicion of danger, always flying 
quite away from the place. 
Anser albifrons. White-fronted Goose. 
Anser finmarchicus. Lesser White-fronted Goose. 
I spent the greater part of the winter of 1916-17 on the 
Struma plain, and had plenty of opportunities for watching 
the Geese. Skeins were first commonly seen in October, and 
the number increased daily, regular flight-lines being- 
established across the plain. At the end of February the 
number of Geese taking part in the daily flights was vastly 
in excess of that seen at the beginning of winter. On 
a few days I estimated that at least five thousand Geese 
passed ovef Ormanli (i. e. in one direction). I kept a daily 
record of the Geese seen. There was a great falling off in 
numbers 11 March (circa), and from 13 March onwards there 
were frequently blank daj r s—days on which not a Goose was 
seen or heard. As late as 5 May, however, flocks could be 
