238 
Mr. W. Raw on the 
[Ibis, 
can probably only accelerate to a slight extent. In this 
conclusion I am naturally excepting “ courtship ” flight, 
which is usually of an accelerated nature. 
I also find, after eliminating abnormal conditions and 
observations based on meagre evidence, that the normal 
and migratory rate of flight in miles per hour is as 
follows:— 
Corvidae . 31-45 
Smaller Passeres. 20-37 
Geese . 42-55 
Tame Pigeons ... 30-36 
Waders 31-51, but 
Starlings . 38-49 
Falcons. 40-48 
Ducks . 44-59 
Sand-Grouse ... 43-47 
mostly from 40-51. 
XIII .—Field Notes on the Birds of Lower Egypt. By 
W. Raw, M.B.O.U. With Contributions by Colonel R. 
Sparrow, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.B.O.U., and the Rev. 
F. C. R. JouRDAiisr, M.A., M.B.O.U. 
From August 1915 until April 1919 I was resident at the 
Wireless Station of Abu Zabal. The village of that name 
is situated some twenty miles north-east of Cairo, and my 
quarters were a further mile in the same direction, right on 
the Cairo-Ismailia canal, where it skirts the edge of the 
desert. Thus I had easy access to the cultivation, desert, and 
palm-groves, while some two hundred acres of useful swamps 
(known as the Birket Accrashi) were within half-an-hour’s 
walk. The locality was therefore ideal for ornithological 
observation. 
Throughout my stay I kept a daily diary, and the follow¬ 
ing notes are culled from its pages. I endeavoured to secure 
as much information on the breeding birds of Egypt as I 
could, and for the purpose of putting my observations and 
other information on record, I propose to include all my 
oological data in this paper, although much of it was secured 
outside the six-mile area included in the Abu Zabal district. 
Due reference will be made to such divergence. 
To my friend Mr. J. Lewis Bonhote, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 
