264 On the Birds of Lower Egypt. [Ibis, 
ground, but the majority were amongst prickly pears in 
little sand-pits. Five appears to be the full clutch. 
[Mr. H. Malcolm took a clutch of seven eggs at Damietta 
on 16 April, and fresh eggs at Minieh on 6. v. 04. 
At Mazghouna I took clutches of 6, 5, 5, slightly 
incubated, on 4. v. 10, and found two fresh eggs and one 
nest in which the birds had not yet laid.—R. S.] 
111 . Upupa epops epops. European Hoopoe. 
This subspecies occurs annually, but owing to its great 
resemblance to the next on the list its dates of arrival and 
departure are hard to judge. 
I have obtained it several times during the winter months, 
and have observed it well out on the desert, obviously 
migrating in April. 
112 . Upupa epops major Brehm. Brehm’s Hoopoe. 
Common and resident. I took a clutch of six fresli eggs 
out of a hole 20 feet up in the wall of our engine-house on 
3 March, 1917. Other dates are : C/4, 10 April, 1916 ; 
C/6, 3 May, 1917 ; and C/7, 'C/7 at Inchas, 12 May, 1918. 
This bird uses many sites for depositing its eggs, and I 
never found any nesting material in their filthy holes. 
I quote a few sites which came under my observation :— 
Hole inside native hut, hole in a tree, old nesting-hole of the 
Pied Kingfisher nearly flush with water in a deep canal, 
firebox of old obsolete oven which was leaning against a 
wall, drain-pipe carrying water off a roof, and high up under 
the eaves of our engine-house, where presumably the same 
pair raised three broods in 1918. Hoopoes were again 
breeding there when I left in April 1919. 
[The hole in a wall or under the eaves of a native house 
seems to be the usual site of nest. My dates for eggs are : 
Luxor, six fresh and three hard-set, 18. iii. 10 ; Inchas, six 
fresh, three fresh, on 30. iii. 10. At Inchas on 29. v. 09 I 
found seven young fourteen days old and five young ten days 
old; also four fresh eggs on 27. vi. 09, and it is evidently 
double- or treble-brooded.—R. S.] 
I^To be continued.] 
