750 
Letters, Extracts, and Notes. 
[Ibis, 
Fauna ock Flora. (1921, no. 3.) 
G-erfaut. (XI e Annee, no. 2.) 
Irish Naturalist. (Vol. xxx. nos. 6-8.) 
Journal fiir Ornithologie. (Vol. 69, no. 3.) 
Journal of the Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. (Vol. xxvii. no. 3.) 
Journal of the Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. (Vol. iv. no. 2.) 
L’Oiseau. (Vol. ii. nos. 5-7.) 
Oologists’ Record. (Vol. i. no. 2.) 
Ornithologische Monatsberichte. (Vol. 28, nos. 7-8.) 
Revue FranQaise d’Ornithologie. (Nos. 146-149.) 
Scottish Naturalist. (Nos. 113,116.) 
Tori. (Vol.iii.no.il.) 
Transactions of the London Nat. Hist. Soc. (Vol. for 1920.) 
XL.— Letters , Extracts, and Notes. 
Bird-migration and the Marking Method. 
Sir, —As one of the largest individual ringers of birds in 
this country, I read Professor Thomson's article on “ Bird- 
migration by the Marking Method ” with great interest. 
In the literature of the subject, however, I was astonished 
to find no mention of the marking experiments conducted 
by the late Professor J. A. Palmen, of Helsingfors Uni¬ 
versity, in Finland, or by the Russians at Kielkond, on the 
island of Oesal, under Herr Stoll. I have found ringed 
birds in this country marked by both of these gentlemen. 
Professor Palmen's experiments show some wonderful re¬ 
sults, Black-headed Gulls (Lams ridibnndus), for instance, 
showing two distinct lines of migration, the one down the 
Baltic and the other overland across Europe via Austria 
to the Mediterranean. His ringing of other species, many 
of them within the A retie Circle, also showed long journeys. 
Large numbers of each species must be marked before any 
conclusions can be arrived at, yet Professor Thomson also 
fails to mention my article in f British Birds,’ vol. viii. p. 209, 
on the result of marking nearly twelve thousand Black¬ 
headed Gulls (Larus ridibnndus) in this country. To 
Professor Thomson's query : “ Do young birds seek the same 
winter quarters as their parents ? " the answer is that they 
