509 
1921 .] Bird-Migration by the Marking Method. 
Witherby's records (26) include a Song-Thrush which 
migrated from Yorkshire to the north of France, and 
another which travelled from Westmorland to Co. Clare, 
Ireland. 
IX.—THE HEDGE-SPARROW (Accentor modularis Linn.) : 
ANALYSIS OF RECORDS. 
The total number of birds of this species which were 
marked is 898, and 66 of these, or 7*3 per cent., were 
recovered. A further analysis of these figures, however, 
reveals a striking fact which must be borne in mind when 
considering the results : of 142 marked at East Warriston, 
Edinburgh, 42, or 29*6 per cent., were recovered, many of 
them several times ; of 131 marked at Beaulieu, Hampshire, 
17, or 13*0 per cent., were recovered; and of the 625 
marked elsewhere, 7, or only 1*1 per cent., were recovered. 
The records for the East Warriston and Beaulieu birds are 
largely accounted for by the continued trapping activities of 
the markers at these places, especially at the former, and 
the small chances of a bird being recorded through any 
other agency make it quite impossible to lay stress on 
such negative evidence as the absence of records from 
places other than those of marking. Similar considerations 
apply to certain of the species more briefly discussed 
in Section X., notably the Greenfinch, the House-Sparrow, 
the Great Titmouse, the Blue Titmouse, and the Red¬ 
breast. 
All the records obtained refer to birds recaptured at the 
places of marking, and the seasons of reappearance are 
shown in the following table : the records for Scotland form 
the majority, but those for England are given in the same 
table as no differences are apparent. 
It may be concluded that at least some of the native 
Hedge-Sparrows are absolutely sedentary, but it has already 
been pointed out that the absence of records showing move¬ 
ment on the part of other individuals may be without real 
significance. (It may be added that the ordinary observer 
