515 
1921 .] Bird-Migration by the Marking Method. 
summer o£ marking, seven of them in subsequent summers, 
ten of them in subsequent winters, and the remaining one 
in its first winter and again in its second summer. Of birds 
marked in Great Britain otherwise than as nestlings, sixteen 
that were marked in summer and nineteen that were marked 
in winter reappeared, and the records show a similar even 
distribution between subsequent summers and winters as in 
the case of those marked as nestlings. One bird caught 
and marked in Ireland in winter was recovered at the place 
of marking in its fourth winter. 
These records show that at least some of the native 
Blackbirds are resident and stationary, and there is indeed 
only one case giving evidence of appreciable movement. 
Witherby’s records (26) include a Blackbird marked in 
Dumfries-shire and recovered in Co. Down, Ireland, in its 
second winter. 
REDBREAST (Erithacus rubecula Linn.). 
Of the 1,206 birds marked, 61, or 5*1 per cent., were 
recovered—all of them at the places of marking and indeed 
very frequently in the identical gardens. In many instances 
individual birds were recaptured several times. Of eighteen 
birds marked in Great Britain in summer, as nestlings or 
otherwise, one was recovered in the same summer, three in 
subsequent summers, and fourteen in winter. Of forty-two 
marked in Great Britain in winter, twenty-six were re¬ 
covered in the winter of marking, thirteen in subsequent 
winters, and three in summer. There is also one Irish record 
of no interest. 
The records show that at least some of the native Red¬ 
breasts are absolutely sedentary. There is no evidence of 
even local movements, but much stress cannot be laid on the 
absence of records, owing to the fact that the chances of a 
bird of this species reappearing seem to be very small apart 
from the marker’s own recaptures. Figures illustrating 
this point have already been given for the Hedge-Sparrow 
and the Blue Titmouse, to which similar considerations 
apply. 
