645 
1921.] the Near East and Tropical East Africa. 
Chersophilus duponti margaritse (Koenig). 
Common on the desert about 15 miles west of Solium, but 
not seen elsewhere between Siwa and Solium. A male 
obtained has a wing of 101 mm. 
Eremophila alpestris bilopha (Temm.). 
Obtained in the Syrian Desert 40 miles east of Damascus 
in September, where they were not uncommon, and also on 
the desert from Solium to Siwa where they were scattered 
about in pairs in January. 
Genus ANTHUS. 
In working out my collection of Pipits from the Near 
East and eastern Africa, 1 had occasion to go into the whole 
question of four groups which are widely distributed over 
Asia and Africa, namely campestris, sordid us, ricpiardi, 
and leucophrys. For reasons given below I have united the 
rufulus-gYou\) with richardi. 
ANTHUS CAMPESTRIS. 
Head distinctly streaked, usually in contrast to an indis¬ 
tinctly or more uniform back. Breast unspotted or with 
a very few small indistinct spots. In juvenile plumage the 
back is very mottled and the breast boldly spotted. 
1st, 2nd, and 3rd primaries equal, the 4th slightly shorter. 
The outer web of the penultimate tail-feather is only dark 
brown at the base. The outer tail-feather has a triangular- 
shaped mark on its distal half. 
Inner secondaries as long as the longest primaries. 
Anthus c. campestris L. 1758 : Sweden. 
71 examined from Europe, Algeria, Egypt, Palestine, and 
western Asia. 
Yellowish above. About 80 per cent, are unspotted. 
Wing 87-98, birds from the east being frequently larger 
than western birds. Culmen 17-19 mm. 
Breeds throughout continental Europe south from central 
Sweden and Norway, in Asia Minor, Palestine, and the 
