1921 .] the Near East and Tropical East Africa. 647 
Inner secondaries do not reach to the end of the longest 
primaries. 
Culmen longer, slenderer, and less arched than in birds 
of the same size among the leucophrys- group. 
An thus s. similis. 
Anthus similis Jerdon, Madr. Journ. xi. 1840, p. 35 : 
Jalna, Hyderabad (Deccan), about 200 miles E. by N". of 
Bombay City. 
Anthus cockburnice Oates, Fauna Brit. India, ii. 1890 : 
Nilgiri Hills, S. India. 
36 examined. 
Darker than jerdoni and wing slightly smaller. Resident 
in the hills of southern India. 
Anthus s. jerdoni. 
Anthus jerdoni Finsch, Trans. Zool. Soc. vii. 1872, p. 24 : 
Kotgurh, N.W. Himalayas near Simla. 
29 examined. 
Paler and larger than similis. Paler (more sandy) and 
more uniformly marked than sordidus, hararensis, or arabicus. 
Distinctly yellower than captus or decaptus , the under parts 
being more fulvous than hararensis but not so dark as in 
sordidus. Wing 91-104, culmen 18-20. 
Breeds in Cashmir and in the Himalayas at Murree, Simla, 
Chakrata, and Mussoorie, perhaps east to Sikkim. In winter 
birds descend to the plains of the Punjab and to the Dehra 
♦district. 
Anthus s. decaptus. 
Anthus s. decaptus Meinertzhagen, Bull. B. 0. C. xli. 
1920, p. 23 : Rud-i-Taman, eastern Persia. 
45 examined. 
Very similar to captus but larger. In fresh autumn and 
worn plumage the colour of the upper parts does not differ 
from captus , but in autumn plumage the lower parts are 
more ochreous, and in winter and worn plumage the lower 
parts are not so white as in captus. The spotting on the 
breast is usually better defined than in captus , 
